sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
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Relative Atomic mass
Average mass of the isotopes of an element compared to 1/12 of the mass of C12
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Isotopes
Atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but different mass numbers
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Avogadro constant
1 mole of any substance contains 6.02x10(23)
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Molecula formula
the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule
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Empirical Formula
The simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
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Ionic Bonding
When atoms transfer their electrons to form ions which are held together by the strong electrostatic attractions between them
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Covalent bonding
when atoms sgare an electron pair, one electron comes from each atom. Covalent bonding forms molecules
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Co ordinate bonding
A pair of electrons are shared but one atom provides an electron pair and the other atom provides a vacant orbital
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Orbital
the path taken by an electron around the nucleus
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First ionization energy
energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of atoms in the gaseous state
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Mole
the amount of substance that contains the same number of particles as 12g of C12
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Electronegativity
the power of an atom to attract the electron density in a covalent bond towards itself.
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Van de Waals forces
temporary, weak forces of sttraction between molecules, resulting from temporary dipoles, which increase with molecular mass
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Hydrogen bonding
permanent forces of attraction between molecules which are permanently polarised due to an electronegativity difference between covalently bonded atoms
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Lattice
A regular arrangement of particles
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Mettalic Bond
a regular arrangement of positive ions in a sea of electrons
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Structural formula of a molecule
Shows the carbon units present in a molecule without the bonds e.g-CH(3)CH(2)COOH
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Displayed formula
shows all the bonds present between the atoms in a molecule
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Homologous series
Series of organic compounds with the same general formula, the same chemical properties but physical properties which change gradually with increasing number of carbon atoms
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Functional group
an atom or group of atoms which when present in different molecules causes them to have similar chemical properties
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Structural Isomers
Compounds with the same molecular formula but with different structures
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Hydrocarbon
compound containing carbon and hydrogen atoms only
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Fractional distillation
seperating a liquid mixture e.g crude oil, into fractions, by their boiling points.
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Cracking
Process (catalytic or thermal) where long chain hydrocarbons are broken/decomposed into smaller more useful hydrocarbon chains
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Combustion
Reaction where a substance is burnt in oxygen
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
Back
Mass number
Card 3
Front
Average mass of the isotopes of an element compared to 1/12 of the mass of C12
Back
Card 4
Front
Atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but different mass numbers
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