The minimum energy required for a reaction to occur
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Calorimeter
Apparatus used to measure heat change
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Carbocation
A species which contains a carbon atom that has a positive charge
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Dynamic reaction
One which proceeds simultaneously in both directions
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Electron shells
Energy levels into which electrons are distributed
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Electronegativity
The power of an atom to attract the electrons in a covalent bond
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Electrophilic addition reaction
One in which a carbon double bond becomes saturated; the mechanism involves initial attack by an electron- deficient species (electrophile)
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Endothermic
The gain of heat energy by a system; the enthalpy change is positive
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Endothermic reaction
One in which heat energy is taken in
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Enthalpy change
The amount of heat energy released or absorbed when a chemical or physical change occurs at constant pressures
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Exothermic
The loss of heat energy by a system; the enthalpy change is negative
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Exothermic reaction
One in which heat energy is given out
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Forward reaction
One that goes from left to right in an equation
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Hess's law
The enthalpy change of a reaction depends only on the initial and final states of the reaction and is independent of the route by which the reaction occurs
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Le chatelier's principle
A system at equilibrium will respond to oppose any change imposed upon it
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Mechanism
The steps by which a reaction occurs
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Oxidation
The process of electron loss
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Oxidation state (number)
The charge a central atom in a complex ion would have if it existed as a solitary simple ion without bonds to other species
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Redox
Used for reaction s that involve both reduction and oxidation
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Reduction
The process of electron gain
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Reversible reaction
One which does not go to completion but can occur in either direction
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Standard conditions
Usually taken as 100Kpa and 298K
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Apparatus used to measure heat change
Back
Calorimeter
Card 3
Front
A species which contains a carbon atom that has a positive charge
Back
Card 4
Front
One which proceeds simultaneously in both directions
Back
Card 5
Front
Energy levels into which electrons are distributed
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