a substance which cannot be broken down into anything simpler and made of one type of atom
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define compound?
2 or more elements chemically joined together
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name the three particles found in an atom
neutron, electron and proton
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what is the charge and relative mass of protons?
the charge is +1 and the relative mass is 1
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what is the charge and relative mass of neutrons?
the charge is 0 and the relative mass is 1
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what is the charge and relative mass of electrons?
the charge is 1 and the relative mass is virtually nil
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explain why atoms have no overall electric charge?
because the positive charge of the proton and the negative charge of the electron counteract each other
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if the atomic number is 6 (carbon) how many protons and electrons are there?
both 6
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if the atomic number is 3 and the mass number is 7, how many neutrons are there?
there are 4
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how many electrons are there in the first shell?
2
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how many electrons are there in the outer shells?
8
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what is the electronic structure of calcium (20th element) in note form?
2,8,8
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how is the position of an element in the periodic table related to its atomic structure?
if an element is in 'Period 1' (first row) then it only has one shell and if it is in 'Group 1' (1st column) then it has 1 electron in its most outer shell
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why are the noble gases so unreactive?
because they have full outer shells
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what type of elements 'react' in convalent bonding?
non metal and non metal
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what type of elements 'react' in ionic bonding?
non metal and metal
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what is ionic bonding?
when electrons from one atom transfer to another atom to form a full outer shell
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what happens to the charge of the atom is an electron is given away?
the atom is positively charged
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what happens to the charge of the atom is an electron is given?
the atom is negatively charged
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what is covalent bonding?
when the electrons in two atoms are shared to form full outer shells
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draw a diagram representing covalent bonding?
:))))))))))))))
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draw a diagram representing ionic bonding?
:))))))))))))
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what is an isotope?
when an element has a different number of neutrons ot what it normally has
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what happens to mass during a reaction?
the mass of all the reactants before a reaction = the mass of all the products after the reaction
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