diamond, graphite, graphene and buckminsterfulleren
2 of 22
Describe the structure of a diamond
giant, connected by strong covalent bonds. Each carbon atom is covalently bonded with four others.
3 of 22
Describe the properties of diamond
very high melting point, very hard - a lot of energy to break strong bonds, poor conductor of electricity - all valence electrons are incolved in bonding
4 of 22
Describe the structure of graphite
carbon atoms arranged in a giant structure containing layers of carbon atoms arranged in hexagons. each carbon atom is bonded to three others. one electron from each atom is delocalised
5 of 22
Describe the properties of carbon
high melting point - strong covalent bonds within the layers, soft - layers have weak van der Waals forces so can slide over one another, can conduct electricity - delocalised electrons can carry a current and are free to move
6 of 22
What is graphene?
one atom thick sheet of carbon atoms arranged in hexagons
7 of 22
What is buckminsterfullerene?
made of spherical molecules containing 60 carbon atoms. Strong covalent bonds between atoms but weak van der Waals forces between molecules. melting point lower that diamond or graphite and is softer than diamond. weaker conductor than graphite
8 of 22
Summarise the attraction in ionic bonding
strong electrostatic attraction between positive ions and negative ions
9 of 22
Summarise the attraction in covalent bonding
strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pari of electrons and nuclei of the tqo atoms in th ebond
10 of 22
Summarise the attraction in metallic bonding
strong electrostatic attraction beetween the sea of mobile delocalised outer electrons and the metal cations
11 of 22
What are van der Waals forces?
Weak forces of attraction between molecules
12 of 22
Describe properties of a substances that are made of a giant lattice of ions
high melting point (a lot of energy to pull apart ions), brittle, crystalline solids at room temp, poor conductors of electricity as solids due to the ifxed ions
13 of 22
What happens when ionic compounds are melted or dissolved?
The become good conductors of electricty and can be decomposed by electrolysis
14 of 22
Describe substances made of molecules
low melting points - weak intermolecular forces but covalent bonds are not broken, poor conductors of electricity as the molecules do not have an overall charge, soft when solid
15 of 22
Describe the properties of a metal
high melting points (energy to overcome attraction between metal cations and sea of electrons), good conductors of electricity - sea of mobile delocalised outer electrons can move when a potential difference is applied
16 of 22
Is a metal malleable or hard?
malleable because the layers of metal catiosn can slide over one another and sea of electrons can reform broken bonds
17 of 22
What are the properties of substances made of giant structures of atoms?
high melting points (a lot of energy for covalent bonds), hard solids, very insoluble, usually poor conductors of electricity
18 of 22
What is nanoscience?
the study and precise manipulation of structures from 1-100 nanometres rather than at bulk levels
19 of 22
Give some uses of nanoscience?
silver - socks from smelling, sticky tape - without adhesives, titanium dioxide to catalyse the reaction between idr, oxygen and ultraviolet rays which makes it slef-cleaning
20 of 22
What are fullerenes?
molecules made of carbon atoms in teh shapes of spheres,ellipsoids ro culinders
21 of 22
What are possible uses of fullerenes?
medicine, catalysts and photo-voltaic cells
22 of 22
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are the four allotropes of carbon?
Back
diamond, graphite, graphene and buckminsterfulleren
Comments
No comments have yet been made