Chemistry unit 2

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Why do atoms of an element share or transfer electrons?
To achieve a stable electronic structure
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What does a metallic element and a non-metallic element produce?
Ionic compound
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If an atom loses electrons what charge will it have?
It will become a positive ion
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In group one elements how many electrons are there in the outer shell?
One
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What is ionic bonding?
Oppositely charged ions are held together in a giant structure
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What type of diagram can represent ionic bonding?
Dot and cross diagrams
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An ionic compound is positive. True of false?
False. They are neutral
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What does the formula of an ionic compound show?
The ratio of ions present in the compound
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What is covalent bonding?
The atoms of non-metals need to gain electrons to achieve stable electronic structures. They do this by sharing electrons with other atoms.
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Describe the atoms in a metallic element.
All the atoms are the same size and form giant structures in which layers of atoms are arranged in regular patterns.
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What is special about metals?
They have delocalised electrons
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What are ionic compounds at room temperature?
Solids. They have giant structures with strong electrostatic forces.
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Can a melted ionic compound carry and electrical charge?
Yes
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What type of bonds hold atoms within a molecule?
Covalent bonds
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Do substances with simple molecules have low or high boiling points?
Low
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What is an intermolecular force?
The force of attraction between molecules
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Describe the structure of a diamond?
It is made from carbon. It has a regular three dimensional giant structure and every carbon atom is covalently bonded onto 4 other carbon atoms. This makes it hard and transparent.
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What is the structure o graphite?
Each carbon atom bonds covalently to 3 other carbons. It forms a flat sheet of hexagons.
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What is a fullerene?
Large molecules formed from hexagonal rings of carbon atoms.
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What happens when force is applied to a metal?
The layers of atoms slide over eachother.
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What can a shape memory alloy do?
Be bent into different shapes and return to the original shape when heated.
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What is nanoscience?
The study of small particles between the sizes of 1 - 100 nanometres.
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What is a nanometre?
One billionth of a metre
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What can nanoparticles be used for?
Catalysts, coatings and cosmetics
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What is the relative mass of both protons and neutrons?
One
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What is the atomic number?
The number of protons
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What is an isotope?
Atoms in the same element with different numbers of neutrons are isotopes
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What is the relative atomic mass?
The relative atomic mass of an element in grams is called one mole of atoms of the element.
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How do we find the relative formula mass?
Add up the relative atomic masses of the atoms in its formula
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What is the empirical formula?
Simplest ratio of the atoms or ions in a compound. It is used for ionic compounds
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What can a balanced symbol equation tell us?
The number of moles of a substance involved in a chemical reaction.
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What is the yield of a chemical reaction?
How uch product is made in a reaction
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What is a reversible reaction?
The products of a reaction can react to make the original reactant.
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What is chemical analysis used for?
Identify food additives
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What is paper chromatography used for?
Detect and identify artificial colours.
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What do modern instrumental techniques provide us with?
Fast, accurate and sensitive ways of analysing chemical substances.
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How can compounds in a mixture be separated?
Gas chromatography
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How do we calculate the rate of reaction?
Amount of reactant used / time. Or Amount of product formed / time
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What is the collision theory?
A reaction only takes place when the particles collide with enough energy to change into new substances.
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Name 3 factors that increase the rate of reaction?
Increace the temperature, concentration of the solution or using a catalyst.
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Why does increasing the temperature speed up the rate of a reaction?
Particles collide more frequently and energetically.
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Is a catalyst used up in a chemical reaction?
No
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What is a traditional catalyst?
Transition metals or their compounds
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What is an exothermic reaction?
Reaction that transfers energy to the surroundings
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What is the opposite of exothermic?
Endothermic
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What type of reaction needs to be heated continuously?
Thermal decomposition
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Name one use of an exothermic reaction?
Hand warmers
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What is the Ph value of water?
7
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What does an acid produce when added to water>
Hydrogen ions
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What is a base?
Substance that will neutralise an acid.
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What do we get when we dissolve a substance in water?
Aqueous solution
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What happens when a base reacts with an acid?
Neutralization
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How do we make soluble salts?
React an acid and an alkali
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How can metal ions be removed from water?
Precipitation
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What is electrolysis?
A process that uses electricity to break down ionic compounds into elements.
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What is gaining electrons called?
Reduction
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What is oxidation?
At the positive electrode, negative ions lose electrons and become neutral atoms.
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When aluminium is extracted by electrolysis, what electrode does it go to?
Negative
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What are the products of electrolysis of brine?
Chlorine gas, hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide solution.
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What are the advantages of electroplating objects?
Improve appearance, protect their surface, use smaller amounts of precious metals.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What does a metallic element and a non-metallic element produce?

Back

Ionic compound

Card 3

Front

If an atom loses electrons what charge will it have?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

In group one elements how many electrons are there in the outer shell?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is ionic bonding?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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