Chemistry unit 1

atomic structure and the periodic table

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  • Created by: Jessie58
  • Created on: 24-03-20 15:38
proton (where it’s found, mass + charge)
nucleus, mass of 1 and charge of +1
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neutron (where it’s found, mass + charge)
nucleus, mass of 1 and charge of 0
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electron (where it’s found, mass + charge)
electron shells, mass is very small and charge of -1
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atomic number
proton number, this is equal to electron number
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mass number
protons and neutrons
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relative atomic mass (Ar)
percentage abundance/100 x mass number
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isotope
an element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
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compound
when two or more elements are chemically joined
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mixture
elements that are not chemically bonded (easier to separate)
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element
made of atoms with the same atomic number
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chromatography
to separate out mixtures
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filtration
to separate solids from liquids
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evaporation
a quick way to separate a soluble salt from a solution
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crystallisation
a slower method to separate a soluble salt from a solution
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how do you separate salt from rock salt?
grind the rock salt mixture, add to water and stir, filter the mixture (leaving the sand in the filter paper), evaporate the water from the salt leaving the crystals
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simple distillation
separating a liquid from a solution
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fractional distillation
separating out a mixture of liquids, can also be used to separate crude oil
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metals and their properties
found at the left of the periodic table and are strong, malleable, good conductors of heat/electricity, bond metallically
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non-metals and their properties
found at the right of the periodic table and are dull, brittle, not always solid at room temperature
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scientists and the history of the atom- in order
john dalton, jj thomson, ernest rutherford, niels bohr, james chadwick
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john dalton
start of the 19th century- atoms were first described as solid spheres
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jj thomson
1897- the plum pudding model (the atom is a ball of positive charge with negative electrons scattered in it)
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ernest rutherford
1907/9- gold foil alpha experiment and nuclear model (atom is mostly empty space and positively charged, most of the mass concentrated at the centre in the nucleus, electrons orbited at a distance)
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neils bohr
around 1911- electrons are in SHELLS orbiting the nucleus
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james chadwick
around 1935- discovered there are neutrons in the nucleus
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how many electrons go in each shell?
2,8,8
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what are group 7 elements called
halogens
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trends in group 7 elements
reactivity decreases going down the group and melting/boing points increase going down the group
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what are group 0 elements called
noble gases
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trends in group 0 elements
unreactive and melting/boiling points increase going down the group
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what are group 1 elements called
alkali metals
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trends in group 1 elements
very reactive and reactivity increases going down the group and melting/boiling point decreases going down the group
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properties of group 1 elements
they are soft, very reactive and have low densities
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group 1 metal + water =
metal hydroxide + hydrogen
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group 1 metal + chlorine =
metal chloride (a salt)
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group 1 metal + oxygen =
metal oxide
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what do group 1 elements form with non-metals?
ionic compounds
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how was the periodic table arranged in the early 1800s?
elements were arranged in order of ATOMIC MASS and it was not complete because some of the elements had not been found, some of the elements had not been found
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when did Dimitri Mendeleev organise the periodic table?
1869
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how was the periodic table arranged in 1869?
Mendeleev put the elements in order of atomic mass but left gaps in the periodic table as he believed there were undiscovered elements. when these elements were found, they fit the pattern
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properties of transition metals (5 points)
strong, shiny, conductors of heat/electricity, very good catalysts and can form more than one ion
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transition elements are found as compounds/ form ions that are...
coloured
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

neutron (where it’s found, mass + charge)

Back

nucleus, mass of 1 and charge of 0

Card 3

Front

electron (where it’s found, mass + charge)

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

atomic number

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

mass number

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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