Chemistry C9 (Chemistry of the atmosphere)
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- Created by: julian hayter
- Created on: 22-02-22 12:10
for how many years have the proportions of different gases in our atmosphere been the same ?
200 million
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what fraction/% is nitrogen?
4/5 (80%)
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what fraction/% is oxygen?
1/5 (20%)
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what are the other small proportions of gases?
carbon dioxide, water vapour and noble gases
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why is the evidence for the early atmosphere limited?
because of the time scale of 4.6 billion years
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what does one theory suggest during the first billion years of the earth's existence?
there was intense volcanic activity that released gases that formed the early atmosphere
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what does this theory suggest to how oceans were formed?
that water vapour condensed to form the oceans
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what other planets today have a similar atmosphere to earth's early atmosphere?
mars and venus
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what gas was there most of and waht gas was there little/none of?
mainly CO2 and little/no O2
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what gas did volcanoes produce that meant there may have been small proportions of methane and ammonia?
nitrogen
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how did oceans reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere?
when oceans formed, CO2 dissolved in the water and carbonates were precipitated producing sediments
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how did oxygen increase?
algae and plants produced the O2 by photosynthesis
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how long ago did algae first produce oxygen?
2.7 billion years ago
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what happened over the next billion years?
plants evolved and the % of O2 increased to level which enabled animals to evolve
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how did carbon dioxide decrease?
algae and plants by photosynthesis, the formation of sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels that contained carbon
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what is an example of a sedimentary rock?
limestone
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what were crude oil and natural gas formed from?
simple plants and tiny animals that were living in oceans/lakes
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why did these organisms allow them to form?
when they died their remains sank to the bottom where they were buried under sediments
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what did the lack of oxygen prevent from occurring?
oxidation
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over millions of years, what turned the remains of organisms into crude oil/natural gas?
heat and pressure
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what sized molecules does natural gas contain?
the smallest molecules
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where is natural gas often found?
on top of crude oil, trapped under sedimentary rock
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what is a major source of atmospheric polllutants?
the combustion of fuels
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what do most fuels (like coal) contain?
carbon and/or hydrogen
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what other element may fuels contain?
some sulfur
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when a fuel is burned, what gases may be released?
CO2, water vapour, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen
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what else may be released that forms particulates?
solid particles and unburned hydrocarbons
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what is soot?
carbon particles
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what polluntant is toxic?
carbon monoxide
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what are its properties?
its colourless, odourless and not easily detected
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what do sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides cause?
respiratory problems in humans and acid rain
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what do particulates cause?
global dimming and health problems for humans
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how are carbon monoxide and soot produced?
the incomplete combustion of any fuel containing carbon atoms
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How is sulfur dioxide produced?
combustion of a fossil fuel which contains sulfur impurities
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what can cause nitrogen and oxygen in th ai to react to make oxides of nitrogen?
high temperatures/pressures to car engines
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what gas dissolves in rainwater to make acid rain?
sulfur dioxide/trioxide
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what is acid rain?
a dilute solution of sulfuric acid
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what fraction/% is nitrogen?
Back
4/5 (80%)
Card 3
Front
what fraction/% is oxygen?
Back
Card 4
Front
what are the other small proportions of gases?
Back
Card 5
Front
why is the evidence for the early atmosphere limited?
Back
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