Chemistry C2 5.3 Making salts from solutions

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What can be used to show when the reaction is complete when a soluble salt is made from an alkali and an acid?
An indicator.
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How can insoluble salts be made?
By reacting two solutions to produce a precipitate.
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Why is precipitation important?
It is a way of removing some metal ions from industrial waste water.
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How can we make soluble salts?
By reacting an acid and an alkali.
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What is the word equation for making a soluble salt by reacting an acid and an alkali?
Acid + alkali → salt + water.
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What is the symbol equation for making a soluble salt by reacting an acid and an alkali?
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H_2O(l).
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What equation can we use to represent the neutralisation reaction between any acid and any alkali?
H^+(aq) + OH^-(aq) → H_2O(l).
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What change can be observed when acids react with alkalis?
There is no visible change when acids react with alkalis so we need to use an indicator or a pH meter to show when the reaction is complete.
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How can the solid salt be obtained from the solution when acids react with alkalis?
By crystallisation.
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What is ammonia solution?
An alkali that does not contain a metal.
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What does ammonia solution react wit to produce and how is this useful?
It reacts with acids to produce ammonium salts, such as ammonium nitrate, NH_4NO_3. Ammonium salts are used as fertilisers.
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How can we make insoluble salts?
By mixing solutions of soluble salts that contain the ions needed, e.g. we can make lead iodide by mixing solutions of lead nitrate and potassium iodide, the lead iodide forms a precipitate that can be filtered from the solution, washed and dried.
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What is the symbol equation for lead iodide by mixing solutions of lead nitrate and potassium iodide?
Pb(NO_3)_2(aq) + 2Kl(aq) → Pbl_2(s) + 2KNO_3(aq).
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How can some pollutants, such as metal ions, be removed from water?
By precipitation, the water is treated by adding substances that react with the pollutant metal ions dissolved in the water to form insoluble salts.
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What compound is produced in every neutralisation reaction?
Water, H_2O.
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Zinc carbonate is insoluble in water, what would happen when sodium carbonate solution is added to zinc sulfate solution?
Zinc carbonate would be produced as a precipitate or solid, sodium sulfate would remain in the solution.
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**YOU DO NOT NEED TO REMEMBER WHICH SALTS ARE SOLUBLE OR INSOLUBLE BECAUSE YOU WILL BE TOLD ABOUT THE SOLUBILITY OF SALTS IN ANY EXAM QUESTION**
**
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How can insoluble salts be made?

Back

By reacting two solutions to produce a precipitate.

Card 3

Front

Why is precipitation important?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How can we make soluble salts?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the word equation for making a soluble salt by reacting an acid and an alkali?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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