By measuring the rate at which the reactants are used up, or the rate at which the products are made.
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What is formula for rate?
Rate = amount of reactant used (or amount of product made) divided by time
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What is collision theory?
Chemical reactions can only happen when reacting particles collide with enough energy.
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What is the amount of energy need for a reaction called?
Activation energy.
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Name 4 factors that effect the rate of reaction.
Concentration, temperature, surface area, use of a catalyst.
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How does increasing the concentration of a solution increase the rate of reaction?
It increases the frequency of collisions, which therefore increases the rate of reaction.
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How does increasing the surface area of solid reactions (by cutting them smaller), increase the rate of reaction?
It increases the frequency of collisions, which therefore increases the rate of reaction.
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How does increasing temperature increase the rate of reaction?
It increases the speed of the reacting particles so they collide more frequently, which therefore increases the rate of reaction.
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How does using a catalyst increase the rate of reaction?
A catalyst provides an alternative route for the reaction with a lower activation energy, which results in more in more collisions, which therefore increases the rate of reaction.
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What is a catalyst?
A catalyst is a substance which speeds up a reaction, but is chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction. When the reaction has finished, you would have exactly the same mass of catalyst as you had at the beginning.
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Can you use the same catalyst for every reaction?
No, different reactions need different catalysts.
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Why are catalyst important during industrial processes?
They reduce costs.
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Wha is the test for carbon dioxide?
Clear limewater goes cloudy.
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What is a compound?
Two or more elements joined together.
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When does an ionic bond form?
When metals react with non-metals.
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Draw the ionic bond of sodium and chlorine and a sodium and chlorine ion. (sodium: 11 protons chlorine:17 protons)
Sodium Chlorine
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Draw the covalent bond hydrogen and oxygen in outer shell form, displayed form, and electron model.
Hydrogen Oxygen Hydrogen
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Describe what happens magnesium reacts with iodine to make magnesium iodide.
Magnesium has 2 extra electron on its outer shell so it gives 2 to the iodine atom. This makes them both have a full outer shell. Magnesium becomes a positively charged ion and iodine a negatively charged ion.
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Why does magnesium iodide have a high melting point?
Because it has strong static electric forces that need a lot of energy to break.
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What are simple molecules?
A small group of atoms joined by covalent bonds.
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What is an intermolecular force?
The force of attraction between the individual molecules in a covalent structure.
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Why do simple molecules have low melting points?
Because the intermolecular force are weak and don't need a lot of energy to break.
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Why is magnesiums ion Mg2+?
Because its in group 2 it has 2 electrons on it outer shell, which is 2 too many. So it gives them 2 extra away, so it gets a full outer shell and becomes a positively charged ion.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is formula for rate?
Back
Rate = amount of reactant used (or amount of product made) divided by time
Card 3
Front
What is collision theory?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is the amount of energy need for a reaction called?
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