Atoms, particles and bonding
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- Created by: KHand21
- Created on: 16-11-16 19:15
What is the charge and mass of a proton?
+ 1
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What is the charge and mass of a neutron?
0 (neutral) 1
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What is the charge and mass of a electron?
- Negligible
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How do you work out the number of protons?
The atomic number
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How do you work out the number of neutrons?
The aromic mass - the atomic number
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How do you work out the number of electrons in an atom?
The atomic number/ the proton
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How do you work out the relative formula mass (Mr)?
The sum of the relative atomic masses
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What are isotopes?
They have different numbers of neutrons e.g. chlorine
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What is the rule to work out electron configeration?
The 2,8,8 rule based on the number of electrons
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What elements are involved in ionic bonding?
Metals lose electrons and become positive ions. Non-metals lose electrons and become negative ions.
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What is the rule when writing a formula?
The charges on the positive and negative ions need to be balanced.
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Metals in group 1 form ions with what charge?
+1
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Metals in group 2 form ions with what charge?
+2
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Metals in group 3 form ions with what charge?
+3
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Metals in group 6 form ions with what charge?
-2
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Metals in group 7 form ions with what charge?
-1
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What elements are involved in covalent bonds?
Non-metals sharing electrons with non-metals
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How many bonds do carbon atoms form in diamond and graphite?
In diamond 4 and in graphite 3
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What are giant covalent structures also called?
Macromolecules
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What allows graphite to conduct and heat electricity?
One electron from each carbon atomis delocalised.
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What are fullerenes and what are they used for?
Covalent structures made up of carbon only, used for drug delivery.
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Whyis graphite soft and slippery?
No covalent bonds so the layers can slide over each other.
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What elements are involved in metallic bonding?
A metal and a metal so it's made of positive ions.
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What structure do metals have?
Giant structures of atoms in a regular pattern.
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How are the electrons arranged?
Highest occupied energy levels, delocalised so they are free to move around.
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Why can metals be bent and shaped?
The layer of atoms can slide over each other.
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How are metals held together?
Strong electrostatic electrons
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What are alloys?
Made up of two or more metals
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What makes then different from metals?
Different sized atoms distort the layers so don't slide over each other so they are harder.
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What pattern do different sized atoms form?
Different sized atoms don't form regular patterns.
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What are the shapes of alloys?
Shape memory allows them to return to their original shape after being deformed.
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Do alloys conduct electricity?
Depends on the ability of electrons to move throughout the metal.
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How do you draw a dot and cross diagram for ionic bonding?
In brackets with the charge on the outside
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How do you draw a dot and cross diagram for covalent bonding?
Two elements, then the one that is gaining an electron
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How do you draw a stick diagram?
Symbols of the two elements with a line for each bond
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What structure do ionic compounds have?
Regular structures (regular ionic lattice)
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What forces are in ionic compounds?
Strong electrostatic forces, oppositely charged ions
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Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?
They have strong bonds, it takes lots of energy to break them.
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Don ionic compounds conduct electricity?
When dissolved or melted, electrons can carry the current.
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Do covalent bonds have high or low melting points?
Low melting points, due to weaker intermolecular forces
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What kind of forces do covalent bonds have between molecules?
Weak intermolecular forces
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What kind of bonds do covalent bonds have?
Strong covalent bonds
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Can covalent subtances conduct electricity?
Do not have an overall electric charge, no free electrons
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How do you work out the number of electrons in an ion?
The number of protons - the charge
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How can you tell the density of polymers?
HD- chains are close LD- chains far apart
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What is the name of polymers that don't melt?
Thermosetting, cross- links make the material tougher and less flexible
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What is the name of polymers that change shape easily?
Thermosoftening, soften easily and can be moulded
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What is the melting point of a polymer determained by?
The strength of the intermolecular forces
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What is nanosciene?
The science of very small particles and the properties
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Advantages of nanoscience?
Large surface area makes them effective catalysts, small scale circuits
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Disadvantages of nanoscience?
They can enter the skin, bloodstream and lungs
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What are nanoparticles used in?
Lighter construction materials, in sun cream, faster computers
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Describe the shell of a group 8 element.
Full outer shell so they are unreactive.
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Why do ionic bonds conduct electricity when molten or in solution?
There ions are free to move and conduct electricity.
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What do covalent bonds involve?
Sharing electrons between non-metals
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What do ionic bonds involve?
Transfering electrons between a metal and a non-metal
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Why a fullerenes used in drug delivery?
They are hollow.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is the charge and mass of a neutron?
Back
0 (neutral) 1
Card 3
Front
What is the charge and mass of a electron?
Back
Card 4
Front
How do you work out the number of protons?
Back
Card 5
Front
How do you work out the number of neutrons?
Back
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