By 1960, which area outside of the remaining empire became of more importance to Britain with regards to trade and commerce?
Western Europe
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What was the main economic reason why western Europe recovered (post WWII) more quickly than expected?
Marshall Aid/Plan
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What was the main political reason for the recovery in western Europe?
Liberal democracies which encouraged private enterprise.
3 of 33
Why had Britain chosen not to join the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1957?
Trusted on their traditional reliance on Empire.
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Britain had realised by the 60s that their economic future lay in Europe and tried (unsuccessfully) to join twice. In which years?
1963 and again in 1967.
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What was the result of the devaluation of sterling in 1967?
Destroyed the ‘Sterling Area’ & weakened international faith in the value of sterling.
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In what year did Britain finally join the EEC?
1973
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Post WWII, why did Britain focus its industrial production on products for export rather than the domestic market?
Need to earn dollars & build up foreign exchange reserves to buy vitally needed goods (mainly from USA).
8 of 33
What were the Colonial Development and Welfare Acts of 1940 and 45 designed to do?
Expand agricultural production & promote new technology in the colonies.
9 of 33
The Colonial Development Corporation (CDC), set up in 1948 was renamed to what in 1963?
Commonwealth Development Corporation (CDC)
10 of 33
Which commodity from Malay proved to be a vital dollar earner for Britain?
Rubber
11 of 33
What was the Hard Currency Pool?
A collective pool of dollars earned by the Sterling Area.
12 of 33
Who became Malaya’s first Prime Minister after independence in 1957?
Tunku Abdul Rahman
13 of 33
Which political ideology did the British fear the most in the Malay Peninsula?
Communism
14 of 33
Between which years was a violent guerrilla war ( the ‘Malayan Emergency’) fought in the Malay Peninsula?
1948 to 1960
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What was the name of Nkrumah’s new political group formed after his release from prison in 1948?
Convention People’s Party (CPP)
16 of 33
Nkrumah steered the Gold Coast to independence as Ghana in 1957 and as a republic in 1960. What happened to him six years later?
Removed from power by a military coup (later revealed to have been backed by the American CIA.)
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Name a political philosophy promoted by Nkrumah.
Pan-Africanism / Marxist socialism / Popular nationalism / responsible leadership
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Who emerged as a champion of Nigerian nationalism in the 1940s?
Nnamdi Azikiwe
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Nigeria was starkly divided – how?
Ethnic and religious which led to several different nationalist groups emerging.
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How was Nnamdi Azikiwe able to resolve these tensions and lead Nigeria to independence in 1960?
Compromised with differing nationalists groups and the British.
21 of 33
Which East African tribe did Jomo Kenyatta belong to?
Kikuku
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After 17 years living in the UK, Kenyatta returned home and became the president of what organisation in 1947?
Kenyan African Union (KAU)
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In what year & why was the KAU banned and a state of emergency declared in East Africa?
1952 – because of the Mau Mau Rebellion.
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Why was Kenyatta arrested in October 1952?
Because he was the acknowledged leader of the Kikuyu (the tribe forming the Mau Mau rebels.)
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After independence in 1963, which 2 political positions did Kenyatta hold in Kenya?
Prime Minister and then President (Kenya had become a Republic in 64.)
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Who became Governor-General of an independent Uganda in 1962 and who overthrew him in 1971?
Apolo Milton Obote – Idi Amin
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Which South African nationalist leader came from the Xhosa tribe and the Thembu royal family?
Nelson Mandela
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How many years was he sentenced to in 1964 and how many years did he serve of that sentence before he was released in 1990?
Life imprisonment on Robben Island – served 27 years of sentence.
29 of 33
Who was the British administrator who promoted the formation of the Central African Federation (CAF) in a bid to halt the spread of apartheid from South Africa?
Sir Andrew Cohen
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Which East African country did he help to lay the groundwork for its independence in 1962?
Uganda
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Who was the British administrator who managed the transition to independence in Nigeria?
Sir John Macpherson
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Who was the British administrator who secured the release of Nkrumah from prison and facilitated the self-rule and then independence of Gold Coast/Ghana?
Sir Charles Aiden-Clarke
33 of 33
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What was the main economic reason why western Europe recovered (post WWII) more quickly than expected?
Back
Marshall Aid/Plan
Card 3
Front
What was the main political reason for the recovery in western Europe?
Back
Card 4
Front
Why had Britain chosen not to join the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1957?
Back
Card 5
Front
Britain had realised by the 60s that their economic future lay in Europe and tried (unsuccessfully) to join twice. In which years?
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