Chapter 7

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Definition of ionisation energy?
The energy required to remove 1 mole of electrons from 1 mole of gaseous atoms to form 1 mole of gaseous 1+ ions.
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Factors that affect first ionisation energy?
- atomic radius
- nuclear charge
- electron shielding
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Electron shielding
Electrons are negatively charged, inner-shell electrons repel outer-shell electrons. This repulsion causes a shielding effect which reduces attraction.
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Nuclear charge
The more protons in the nucleus, the greater the nuclear charge and therefore the greater the attraction to the electrons.
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Atomic radius
The further the outer electrons are from the nucleus the less attraction they experience.
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What does a large increase between the 7th and 8th suggest?
The 8th electron is being removed from a different shell.
S - lower so the attraction is stronger.
C -
AR - closer to the nucleus.
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Trend in first ionisation energy?
- Shows a general increase across a period.
- shows a sharp decrease between the end of each period and the start f the next.
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Trend in first ionisation energy down a group?
S - increases - nuclear attraction on outer electrons decrease.
C - ignore.
AR - increases
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Trend in first ionisation energy across a period?
S - similar shielding (as same number of shells).
C - Increases - causing the nuclear attraction increase.
AR - decreases
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Metallic bonding?
- Strong electrostatic attraction between cations (+ve) and delocalised electrons.
- Cations in a fixed position maintain the structure and shape of the metal.
- Delocalised electrons are free to move.
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Properties of metallic bonding?
- Strong bond between cations and delocalised electrons.
- High electrical conductivity.
L> Electrons move through the metal when a voltage is applied across the metal.
- High melting and boiling point.
L> This is due to the strong attraction between
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Properties of giant covalent structures?
- Melting and boiling points are high due to many strong covalent bonds.
- Solubility ~ insoluble covalent bonds in lattice are too strong to be broken down by interaction with almost all solvents.
- Electrical conductivity - no delocalised electrons or
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Factors that affect first ionisation energy?

Back

- atomic radius
- nuclear charge
- electron shielding

Card 3

Front

Electron shielding

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Nuclear charge

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Atomic radius

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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