Chapter 4

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  • Created by: Sydneyxx
  • Created on: 24-01-19 16:34
What is a strong acid?
Releases all hydrogen atoms as H+ ions into solution and completely dissociates.
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What is a weak acid?
Releases a small proportion of its available hydrogen atoms as H+ ions in solution and partially dissociates.
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What is a base?
A base neutralises an acid to form a salt.
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What is an alkali?
An Alkali is a base that dissolves in water releasing hydroxide ions, OH- into solution.
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What happens in neutralisation of an acid?
H+ ions react with a base to form a salt and neutral water. The H+ ions are replaced by metal or ammonium ions from the base.
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Neutralisation of acids with metal oxides and hydroxides
Forms a salt and water only.
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Neutralisation of acids with carbonates
Form salt, water and carbon dioxide gas.
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How do you prepare a standard solution?
Weigh solid and dissolve in beaker with distilled water. Transfer to volumetric flask - all solution in flask. Fill flask to graduation line at bottom of meniscus. Invert flask to mix.
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What is the acid-base titration procedure?
Add solution to conical flask with pipette. Add other solution to burette and record initial reading. Add indicator to flask. Run solution into flask. Indicator change=end point. Record final reading. Calculate titre. Repeat until concordant.
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How to do a titration calculation?
Work out moles of solute in solution for which you know conc and volume. Equation to find moles of solute in other solution. Work out unknown.
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Oxidation number rules?
Always 0 for elements. Sum of oxidation numbers = Charge.
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Oxidation numbers for the combined elements?
O = -2 H = +1 F = -1 Na+/K+ = +1 Mg2+/Ca2+ = +2 Cl-/Br-/I- = +1
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Special cases of oxidation numbers?
H in metal hydrides = -1 O in peroxides = -1 O bonded to F = +2
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What is Oxidation?
Addition of oxygen and loss of electrons. Increase in oxidation number.
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What is Reduction?
Removal of oxygen and gain of electrons. Decrease in oxidation number.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is a weak acid?

Back

Releases a small proportion of its available hydrogen atoms as H+ ions in solution and partially dissociates.

Card 3

Front

What is a base?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is an alkali?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What happens in neutralisation of an acid?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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