Cells, Tissues and Organs

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  • Created by: Grace
  • Created on: 09-05-13 09:49
What is 'Diffusion'?
Diffusion is the spreading of particles in a gas or of any other substance in solution resulting in a net movement as particles move randomly from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
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What affect does the difference in concentration have on the rate of diffusion?
The larger the difference in concentration the faster the rate of diffusion. (This difference in concentration is known as the concentration gradient).
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(Complete the sentence) Oxygen is diffused in the cells of the body...
from the bloodstream as they are respiring
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What is the function of muscle tissue?
To contract and bring about movement
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What is the function of glandular tissue?
To produce substances such as hormones
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What is the function of epithelial tissue?
To cover some parts of the body
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What is the function of mesophyll in plants?
They can photosynthesise (contain chloroplasts)
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What is the function of epidermis in plants?
They cover the plant
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What is the function of the xylem in plants?
Transports water (remember W comes before X in the alphabet - Water > Xylem to help)
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What is the function of the phloem in plants?
To transport sugars
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In the stomach what role does the muscle tissue play?
Churns contents in stomach
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In the stomach what role does the glandular tissue play?
Produces digestive juices (glands in the stomach wall produce hydrochloric acid to create acidic conditions for the protease)
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In the stomach what role does the epithelial tissue play?
Lines the inside and the outside of the stomach
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How does surface area affect diffusion?
A larger surface area means there is more room for diffusion to take place meaning the rate of diffusion is faster.
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How do individual cells and body organs adapt to increase the surface area available for diffusion?
increase surface area of cell membrane/ fold cell membrane < (villi) increase the concentration gradient across membranes
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What is the function of the nucleus?
To control the activity of the cell. They carry the instructions for making new cells or new organisms.
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What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Where most chemical reactions take place.
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What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell.
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What is the function of ribosomes?
Where photosynthesis takes place. All proteins made in the cell are made here.
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What is the function of the mitochondria?
Structure in the cytoplasm where most energy is released during respiration.
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In plant and algal cells what is the function of the cell wall?
Made of cellulose to support and strengthen the cell.
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In (many- not all) plant cells what is the function of the permanent vacuole?
A space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap important for keeping the cells rigid in order to support the plant.
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In (many - not all) plant cells what is the function of the chloroplasts?
Contain chlorophyll, a green substance, that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
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What is different about the genetic material in bacteria?
The genetic material is not held in a distinct nucleus, instead the long strand of DNA is found free in the cytoplasm.
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Describe the flagella and their function.
The flagella are long strands of protein found on bacterial cells that lash about and are used for movement.
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Which is smallest? A yeast cell or a bacterial cell?
A bacterial cell is smallest.
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What is the main way in which yeast cells reproduce?
Asexual budding in which a new yeast cells grows out from the original cell to form a new separate yeast organism.
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When yeast cells respire aerobically what is produced when starch is broken down?
Starch is broken down and energy is provided. Water and carbon dioxide are released as waste products.
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When yeast cells respire anaerobically what is produced when starch is broken down?
Ethanol (often known as alcohol) and carbon dioxide is produced.
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What is it known as when yeast cells respire anaerobically?
Fermentation.
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What is digestion?
When insoluble molecules are broken down into soluble molecules.
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What happens to the soluble molecules?
They are absorbed into the blood.
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How?
By diffusion.
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Where?
In the small intestine.
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Where is water absorbed into the blood?
The large intestine.
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The roots are a plant organ that...?
absorb water and minerals from the soil.
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The stem is a plant organ that...?
Supports the leaves and the flowers.
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The small intestine is adapted to have a large surface area in order to...?
Increase diffusion from the gut to the blood.
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The leaf is a plant organ that...
carries out photosynthesis.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What affect does the difference in concentration have on the rate of diffusion?

Back

The larger the difference in concentration the faster the rate of diffusion. (This difference in concentration is known as the concentration gradient).

Card 3

Front

(Complete the sentence) Oxygen is diffused in the cells of the body...

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the function of muscle tissue?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the function of glandular tissue?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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