Cells & Adaptation

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Name 2 organelles that are only present in prokaryotic cells
Plasmid DNA, flagella, non-cellulose cell wall
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Name the substance present in a plant vacuole
Dissolved sugars and minerals
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What substances move into leaf cells
Water and carbon dioxide
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Why are plant cells often green
They contain chloroplasts, which contain a green substance called chlorophyll and are where photosynthesis occurs.
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Describe how the structure of a sperm helps their function
They have a tail to propel them towards the ovum and a relatively large number of mitochondria to release the energy from glucose during respiration.
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Name 3 types of muscle tissues
Cardiac, smooth and skeletal
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Describe how you would make a microscope slide took at an onion cell
The sample is placed in a drop of water or stain on a microscope slide. A thin coverslip is placed on top of this. The slide is then placed onto the stage.
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Describe the function of flagella
Flagella rotate to move bacterial cells.
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Suggest one advantage and one disadvantage of using an electron microscope
Advantage: higher magnification; disadvantage: any from large and expensive, and require biological samples to be dead.
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Describe 3 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus whereas eukaryotic cells do, they are single celled and they are smaller than eukaryotic cells.
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Give the function of cytoplasm and what its made from
It is the site of chemical reactions and is mainly water.
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What are the functions of ribosomes
They are where proteins are made.
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Desribe 3 similarities between plant and animal cells
They both have a membrane and cytoplasm, which is the liquid in which reactions occur and cell components such as ribosomes are found. They both have ribosomes and mitochondria, which are the site of respiration
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Describe 3 differences between plant and animal cells
Only plant cells have chloroplasts, which are the site of photosynthesis. Only plant cells have a vacuole in which dissolved sugars and minerals are stored. Plant cells have a wall to provide structure, which is not seen in animal cells.
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Describe the function of a vacuole and in which organisms cells it is often found
This is filled with water in which dissolved sugars and mineral ions are found. Vacuoles are found in plant cells.
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Describe how a nerve cell is adapted for its function
A nerve cell has a long section called an axon down which electrical impulses move. This cell is insulated by a myelin sheath to make this movement faster.
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Describe how the structure of a red blood cell helps their function
They have a have a biconcave shape (dips in the middle on both sides) and no nucleus to maximise their surface area to carry more oxygen.
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Define the term resolution
The shortest distance between two points that a microscope can determine as two separate points.
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Explain why some cells have more mitochondria than others
Cells with more mitochondria are able to release more energy from glucose in respiration. Cells with more mitochondria are usually more active, like sperm or muscle cells.
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Define the term turgid
‘Turgid’ is used to describe swollen cells.
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Explain which substances move out of animal cells
Carbon dioxide and water move out of animal cells because they are the products of respiration.
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Explain how xylem cells are adapted for their function
Xylem cells are long and have thick, reinforced walls to allow water to move up by transpiration.
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How do many scientists think that prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells first evolved
Prokaryotes probably evolved before eukaryotes because they are missing some cell components that eukaryotic cells possess.
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Explain how root hair cells are adapted
It has a large surface area to speed up osmosis.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Name the substance present in a plant vacuole

Back

Dissolved sugars and minerals

Card 3

Front

What substances move into leaf cells

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Why are plant cells often green

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Describe how the structure of a sperm helps their function

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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