Cells

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  • Created by: emj790
  • Created on: 25-11-16 18:33
What are all living things made of?
Cells
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Cells can be either ____ or ____ ?
eukaryotic or prokaryotic
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Give two examples of eukaryotic cells
Animal and plant cells
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Are Eukaryotic cells simple or complex?
Complex
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Give an example of a prokaryotic cell
Bacteria
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Are prokaryotic cells simple or complex?
Simple
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What organism can you make out of eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotes
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Why is a prokaryote a prokaryotic cell?
It's a single-celled organism
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What are subcellular structures?
Different parts of a cell
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What are the different parts of a cell called?
Subcellular structure
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Name five subcellular structures of an animal cell
Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria and ribosomes
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What is in the nucleus?
Genetic material
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What is genetic material arranged into?
Chromosomes
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What does the genetic material do?
Controls the activities of the cell
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What happens in the cytoplasm?
Most of the chemical reactions
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What does the cytoplasm contain?
Enzymes
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What do the enzymes do in the cytoplasm?
They control the chemical reactions
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What does the cell membrane do?
It holds together the cell
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What does the cell membrane control?
What goes in and out of the cell.
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What happens in the mitochondria?
Most of the reactions for respiration
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Why does the cell have mitochondria?
To provide it with energy (from respiration) that the cell needs to work
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What are ribosomes involved in?
The translation of genetic material in the synthesis of proteins
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Name all of the subcellular structures that a plant cell has in common with an animal cell
All of them, including: nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria and ribosomes
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What extra things do plants cells have that animal cells don't? (3)
Rigid cell wall, large vacuole and chloroplasts
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What is a rigid cell wall made of?
Cellulose
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What does the rigid cell wall do?
It supports the cell and strengthens it
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What does the large vacuole contain?
Cell sap
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What is cell sap (made of)?
A weak solution of sugar and salts
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What does the large vacuole do?
Maintains the internal pressure to support the cell
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Why does the large vacuole maintain the internal pressure?
To support the cell
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What happens in the chloroplasts?
Photosynthesis
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What do chloroplasts contain?
Chlorophyll
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What colour are the chlorophyll?
Green
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Why does the plant need chloropasts?
So that photosynthesis can happen to make food for the plant
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What does the bacterial cell not have that the animal and plant cells do?
A nucleus
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What does bacteria have instead of a nucleus?
Chromosomal DNA (and plasmid DNA) floating in the cytoplasm
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In terms of size: what is bacteria to animal and plant cells?
Smaller
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What does the chromosomal DNA do?
Controls the cell's activities and replication.
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What is different in bacteria cells from animal and plant cells with the chromosome/s ?
They float free in the cytoplasm rather than in a nucleus
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What is chromosomal DNA?
One long circular chromosome
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What subcellular structures do bacteria, plant and animal cells all have in common?
Ribosomes, cell membrane, cytoplasm
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What shape is plasmid DNA?
Small loops
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In two words; what is plasmid DNA?
Extra DNA
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Why does plasmid DNA count as extra DNA?
They aren't part of the chromosome
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What do plasmids contain?
Genes
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Plasmids contain genes for things like what?
Drug resistance
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What can the genes in plasmid DNA do?
Be passed between bacteria
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What is the plural of flagellum?
Flagella
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What happens to the flagellum to make the bacterium move?
Rotate
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Why does the bacterial cell have a flagellum?
To move the bacteria away from harmful substances like toxins and towards benficial things like nutrients or oxygen
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Cells can be either ____ or ____ ?

Back

eukaryotic or prokaryotic

Card 3

Front

Give two examples of eukaryotic cells

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Are Eukaryotic cells simple or complex?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Give an example of a prokaryotic cell

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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