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6. The Golgi Apparatus is:

  • System of membranes where cisternae synthesise steroids and lipids.
  • A stack of cisternae wih small vesicles that transport and modify proteins
  • A system of membranes throughout cell that form cisternae which transport and modify proteins made by Ribosomes.

7. During Prophase:

  • Chromosomes become visibile and undergo supercoiling. Two chromatids are held by centromere and nuclear membrane breaks down.
  • Centromeres divide and spindle fibres contract, pulling chromatids to opposite poles and become chromosomes.
  • Nuclear membranes form and uncoiling occurs.
  • Centrioles appear and move towards opposite ends of the cell. Microtubules in the cytoplasm start to form spindles.

8. Membrane proteins have various functions such as:

  • Catalysts of reactions as contain enzymes
  • Act as binding sites for proteins for attachment to hormones etc.
  • Cell to Cell recognition & adhesion of cells
  • Electron Carriers due to chains of proteins allowing electrons pass across membrane
  • Receptor sites for chemical signals
  • "All of the above"
  • Channels for transport of metabolites of water by pumps and pores

9. What is so different about stem cells in regards to Differentation?

  • Stem cells retain the ability to divide along various paths
  • Stem cells retain the ability to divide along one specific path
  • Stem cells lose the ability to divide across various pathways.

10. Motile Organelles in Eukaryotes can be:

  • Cilia/Flagella with larger diameters than in Prokaryotes
  • Cilia/ Flagella with smaller diameters than in Prokaryotes
  • Flagella with smaller diameters than in Prokaryotes

11. Active Transport is:

  • Highly Selective and is along concentration gradient
  • Highly Selective, Involves ATP and is against the concentration gradient
  • Non-Specific, Involves ATP and is against concentration gradient

12. When a cell undergoes specialisation this is known as_______ and the process is controlled by ________

  • Differentation & Stem Cells
  • Differentiation & Genes
  • Differentiation & DNA Polymerase

13. Interphase involves:

  • G1, Synthesis , Mitosis & G2
  • G1, Synthesis of DNA & G2
  • G1 &G2

14. Movements by Globular or Carrier Proteins involve:

  • Reactions with Enzymes to operate the pump.
  • Reactions with ATP to change the shape & position of the pump molecules
  • Reactions with ATP to break open pump pores.

15. Pili are:

  • Self replicating loops of DNA with key functions and few genes
  • Numerous fine protein rods involved with attachment
  • Simple wave shaped hollow cylinders involved in locomotion

16. Ribosomes in a Prokaryotic Cell are:

  • Found only in the cytoplasm and are 70S in size.
  • Found only in the cytoplasm and are 80S in size.
  • Found in the Endoplasmic Reticulum & Cytoplasm and are 90S in size.

17. Bulk Transport involves:

  • Simple & Facilitated Diffusion of molecules/ions.
  • Movement of Vesicles across a membrane known as cytosis
  • The modification and construction of Vesicles

18. Glycoproteins are extracellular components;

  • that are involved in the construction of Ribosomes.
  • That allow cell adhesion and the formation of compact tissues & organs.
  • That allow the cell to develop a high internal pressure so it can support it's own weight

19. DNA in prokaryotes is:

  • Is in the nucleus without a distinct nuclear membrane
  • in the form of circular strand that is "naked"
  • Is in the nucleus and is surrounded by a distinct nuclear membrane

20. During Metaphase:

  • Cytoplasm divides producing two new identical daughter cells.
  • Centrioles appear and move towards opposite ends of the cell. Microtubules in the cytoplasm start to form spindles.
  • Centromeres divide and spindle fibres contract, pulling chromatids to opposite poles and become chromosomes.