Photosynthesis

Respiration, Biological molecules, Cell microscopy, DNA, Enzymes, Photosynthesis, Light Microscopy

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What do photsynthetic organisms do during photosynthesis?
They use energy from the Sun or an artificial source o make glucose
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What is some of the glucose made during photosynthesis used for?
to make larger, complex molecules that the plants or algae need to grow
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What is biomass?
the mass of living material
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How does the energy stored in the organisms' biomass work its way through the food chain?
by animals eating them and each other
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Where does photosynthesis happen?
inside chloroplasts
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Why does photosynthesis only happen inside chloroplasts?
because they contain chlorophyll which absorbs light
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How is energy transferred to the chloroplasts from the environment?
by light
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What is the word equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide + water - glucose + oxygen
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Why is photosynthesis an endothermic reaction?
because energy is transferred from the environment during it
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What are the two main stages of photosynthesis?
First, energy transferred by light is used to split water into oxygen gas and hydrogen ions. Carbon dioxide gas then combines with the hydrogen ions to make glucose.
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What three factors limit the rate of photosynthesis?
light intensity, concentration of carbon dioxide and temperature
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What does the rate at which the pondweed produces oxygen correspond to?
to the rate at which it's photosynthesising
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Explain how photosynthesis contributes to a plant's biomass.
Photosynthesis produces gllucose which is used to make larger, complex molecules that make up the mass of the plant's living material/ the plant's biomass
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List four subcellular structures that animal and plant cells have in common
Nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria and cell membrane
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Give two subcellular structures that are present in prokaryotic cells but not eukaryotic cells
Chromosomal DNA and plasmids
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How have electron microscopes been able to increase our understanding of sub-cellular structures?
because they let us see much smaller things in more detail like the internal structures
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Why is it important to take a thin slice of a sample before viewing it under a light microscope?
because the specimen needs to let light through it for you to be able to see it clearly
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How can you calculate the magnification of an image if you don't know which lenses were used?
magnification = image size ÷ real size
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Give the initials of the four bases present in DNA
A, T, C and G
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Describe the structure of a nucleotide
Each nucleotide has the same sugar and a phosphate group. The base is the only part of the molecule that varies. The base is attached to the sugar.
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What is a gene?
A gene is a short section of DNA that has been divided up
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What does it mean when an enzyme has been 'denatured'?
The enzyme loses its shape and substrate doesn't fit the active site any more.
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Give two things that you could measure when investigating the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction
how fast a product appears and how fast a substrate disappears
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What is the function of ATP in a cell?
stores the energy needed for many cell processes
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Is respiration an exothermic or an endothermic reaction?
exothermic reaction
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Name the type of respiration that requires oxygen
aerobic respiration
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Give an example of when lactic acid would be produced as a product of respiration
during vigorous exercise
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Which form of respiration transfers more energy per glucose molecule?
aerobic respiration
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What type of polymer do you get when you join together simple sugars?
large, complex carbohydrates e.g. starch and glycogen
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What type of biological molecule are oils?
lipids
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Name the basic units that lipids are made from
glycerol and three fatty acids
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In what part of a cell does photosynthesis take place?
In the chloroplasts
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Give three factors that can limit the rate of photosynthesis
light, carbon dioxide and temperature
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Describe how you could investigate the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis
by dissolving different amounts of sodium hydrogen-carbonate in the water
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Describe how you could investigate the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis
by dissolving different amounts of sodium hydrogen-carbonate in the water
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is some of the glucose made during photosynthesis used for?

Back

to make larger, complex molecules that the plants or algae need to grow

Card 3

Front

What is biomass?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How does the energy stored in the organisms' biomass work its way through the food chain?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Where does photosynthesis happen?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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