The process that all body cells in multicellular organisms use to grow and divide.
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the cell cycle consists of a periods of cell grown and DNA rep called
interphase
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interphase is subdivided into
3 separate growth stages - G1, S and G2
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the period of cell division
M phase- Mitosis (nuclear division) and cytokinesis (cytoplasmic division)
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cell cycle is regulated by
checkpoints.
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When do checkpoints occur
At key points during the cycle to make sure it's OK for the process to continue
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what happens in Gap Phase 1?
growth and new organelles and protein made.
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what happens at G1 checkpoint
cell checks that the chemicals needed for replication are present and for any damages to the DNA before entering S-phase
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what occurs at synthesis
DNA rep, ready to divide by mitosis
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Gap phase 2
cell keeps growing and proteins needed for cell division are made
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G2 checkpoint
Cell checks whether all the DNA has been rep without any damage. if it has cell can enter mitosis
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what occurs during interphase
cell carries out normal functions, prepares to divide, DNA unravelled and rep, to double its genetic content. Organelles are also rep so has spare ones, and ATP content increased (provides energy needed for cell division)
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what is mitosis needed for
growth of multicellular organisms, repairing damaged tissue, asexual reproduction.
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what are the phases of mitosis
PMAT- Prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
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draw and label the structure a chromosome
page 140 of CGP Y1 book for OCR A AS level. Mitosis begins, chromosomes are made of 2 strands joined in the middle by centromere. 2 strands- sister chromatids. mitosis is over, chromatids end up as one-strand chromosomes in the new daughter cells
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why are there 2 strands of chomatids before mitosis/ at beginning.
Each chromosome has already made an identical copy of itself during interphase
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the cell cycle consists of a periods of cell grown and DNA rep called
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