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6. typical angina is when you have three or more symptoms, true or false?
7. what are the three symptoms of typical angina?
- chest pain, breathlessness and recovery when seated.
- chest pain, breathlessness, wheezing.
- chest pain, recovery when seated, wheezing.
8. low levels of potassium or magnesium can lead to irregular arrhythmias? true or false?
9. is exercise tolerance testing always reliable?
- no, it is only reliable in around 70% of cases.
- yes, it is reliable in 100% of cases.
10. echocardiography aims to view the direction of blood flow out of the heart.
11. atypical angina is when you have more than two symptoms, true or false?
- false it is when you have two or fewer.
- true.
12. BNP is secreted by cardiac myocytes when they are stretched by increased intravascular volume. true or false?
13. A Doppler ultrasound aims to view the passage of blood flow through arteries and veins. true or false?
14. What type of testing do patients with a raised BNP have to undergo?
- chest x ray.
- echocardiography.
- angiogram.
- ETT
15. What position is preferred when conducting an ECG?
- supine.
- seated.
- standing.
16. troponin is a protein complex that plays a crucial role in muscular contraction, true or false?
17. ACS is an umbrella term for STEMI, NSTEMI, and Unstable angina, true or false?
18. serum urea and creatinine tests can be carried out because:
- Elevations of these can indicate poor cardiac output causing renal failure.
- The heart produces these when it is struggling.
- the kidneys make more to help the heart and boost blood pressure.
19. In exercise tolerance testing, if chest pain becomes apparent, what does this indicate?
- if chest pain becomes apparent, this indicates a positive test.
- if chest pain becomes apparent, this indicates a negative test.
20. What is atheroma?
- A build-up of plaque in the arteries causes restricted blood flow.
- A build-up of fat in the capillaries which obstructs the capillaries.
- A condition that causes obstructive shock.