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6. what is false about serine protease?
- prostate cancer is 2nd highest cancer killer in uk
- present in seminal fluid in prostate cancer
- levels of 4-10ug/L suggest cancer but can be false positive
7. what is not a type of blood cancer?
- lymphoma
- chronic lymphoid leukeumia
- acute myeloid leukeumia
- myeloma
- acute lymphoid leukeumia
- chronic myeloid leukeumia
8. what are the signs/symptoms are not characteristic of lymphoma?
- splenomegaly
- fractures
- assymmetrical and painless lymphadenopathy
- disease spreads via lymphatic chain
9. what is CA 15-3 antigen a marker for?
- advanced adenocarcinoma
- breast cancer
- epithelial ovarian cancer/ intra-abdominal cancers
- pancriatic, gastric, colorectal carcinoma
10. which statement is not associated with chronic lymphoid leukaemia?
- uncontrolled proliferation of T lymphocytes
- 70-99% of WBCs are lymphocytes (CD19+)
- symmetrical and painless lymphnode enlargement
- smear cells burst during processing
- asymptomatic
- immunosuppression
11. what is false about acute lymphoblastic leukaemia?
- generalised lymphadenopathy
- uncontrolled lymphoid stem cells resulting in large numbers of abnormal lymphoblasts in bone marrow
- WBCs are MPO positive
- majority of children are curable with chemotherapy and CNS prophylaxis
- abrupt bone and joint pain (symptoms of bone marrow failure)
- hepatospenomegaly
12. what is false about chronic myeloid leukaemia?
- may cause gout due to rapid cell turnover causing purine release leading to uric acid
- 50% 5 yr survival
- associated with presence of philadelphia chromosome (oncogene)
- large numbers of circulating myloblasts
- increases LDH and urate
- leukostatis = leukocyte clumping, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly
13. what is not a cause of blood cancer?
- radiation exposure
- myelodysplasia (pre-cancer)
- genetic predispositions
- previous chemotherapy with alkylating agents
14. what is CA 125 antigen a marker for (raised in 50% of all cases)?
- breast cancer
- epithelial ovarian cancer/ intra-abdominal cancers
- pancriatic, gastric, colorectal carcinoma
- advanced adenocarcinoma
15. what is CA 19-9 antigen a marker for (lewis a blood group glycoprotein)?
- epithelial ovarian cancer/ intra-abdominal cancers
- advanced adenocarcinoma
- pancriatic, gastric, colorectal carcinoma
- breast cancer
16. what is false about outcomes of non-hodgkins lymphoma blood tests?
- 63% 10yr survival rate, responds well to chemo but no cure
- microcytic, normochromic anaemia
- may be due to autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
17. what is false about acute myloid leukaemia?
- causes pancytopenia
- increase in B and T cells
- uncontrolled proliferation of myeloid stem cells resulting in large numbers of immature stem cells
- malaise, fever and sweats due to metabolism to make cells
18. what is false about outcomes of hodgkin lymphoma blood tests?
- lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia in early stage
- lymph node biopsy needed
- 80% 10yr survival rate with high cure rates
- normocytic, normochromic anaemia
- high eosinophil and neutrophil count