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6. what is false about AML blood tests?
- WBCs are myeloperoxidase positive
- chemotherapy leads to complete remission in 80-90% of young patients and cure in 45%
- normocytic, hyperchromic aneamia
- >20% WBCs are blast cells in blood film
7. what is not an outcome of multiple myeloma
- paraprotein in serum and/or urine
- palliative care is cruicial as it is very painful
- 60% 10yr survival rate
- pancytopenia
- >20% of plasma cells in bone marrow
8. what is false about acute myloid leukaemia?
- malaise, fever and sweats due to metabolism to make cells
- increase in B and T cells
- causes pancytopenia
- uncontrolled proliferation of myeloid stem cells resulting in large numbers of immature stem cells
9. what is CA 15-3 antigen a marker for?
- advanced adenocarcinoma
- pancriatic, gastric, colorectal carcinoma
- breast cancer
- epithelial ovarian cancer/ intra-abdominal cancers
10. what is not a cause of blood cancer?
- myelodysplasia (pre-cancer)
- genetic predispositions
- radiation exposure
- previous chemotherapy with alkylating agents
11. what is not a type of blood cancer?
- chronic lymphoid leukeumia
- myeloma
- chronic myeloid leukeumia
- lymphoma
- acute myeloid leukeumia
- acute lymphoid leukeumia
12. what is false about outcomes of hodgkin lymphoma blood tests?
- lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia in early stage
- lymph node biopsy needed
- 80% 10yr survival rate with high cure rates
- normocytic, normochromic anaemia
- high eosinophil and neutrophil count
13. what is false about outcomes of non-hodgkins lymphoma blood tests?
- 63% 10yr survival rate, responds well to chemo but no cure
- microcytic, normochromic anaemia
- may be due to autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
14. what is hodgekins lymphoma?
- cancer of the clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow (B cells) which secrete Ig paraprotein
- malignant B cells accumulate in lymph nodes, however tumour is predominately inflammatory cells
- large group of lymphoid tumours (B-cells) with more variable presentation
15. what is not a sign or symptom of multiple myeloma?
- renal failure and hypercalcaemia
- amyloidosis (abnormally folded proteins)
- leukocytosis
- bone pain and fractures
16. what is CA 125 antigen a marker for (raised in 50% of all cases)?
- breast cancer
- epithelial ovarian cancer/ intra-abdominal cancers
- pancriatic, gastric, colorectal carcinoma
- advanced adenocarcinoma
17. what is false about chronic myeloid leukaemia?
- leukostatis = leukocyte clumping, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly
- 50% 5 yr survival
- large numbers of circulating myloblasts
- associated with presence of philadelphia chromosome (oncogene)
- increases LDH and urate
- may cause gout due to rapid cell turnover causing purine release leading to uric acid
18. what are the signs/symptoms are not characteristic of lymphoma?
- disease spreads via lymphatic chain
- assymmetrical and painless lymphadenopathy
- fractures
- splenomegaly