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6. what is false about serine protease?

  • prostate cancer is 2nd highest cancer killer in uk
  • present in seminal fluid in prostate cancer
  • levels of 4-10ug/L suggest cancer but can be false positive

7. what is not a type of blood cancer?

  • lymphoma
  • chronic lymphoid leukeumia
  • acute myeloid leukeumia
  • myeloma
  • acute lymphoid leukeumia
  • chronic myeloid leukeumia

8. what are the signs/symptoms are not characteristic of lymphoma?

  • splenomegaly
  • fractures
  • assymmetrical and painless lymphadenopathy
  • disease spreads via lymphatic chain

9. what is CA 15-3 antigen a marker for?

  • advanced adenocarcinoma
  • breast cancer
  • epithelial ovarian cancer/ intra-abdominal cancers
  • pancriatic, gastric, colorectal carcinoma

10. which statement is not associated with chronic lymphoid leukaemia?

  • uncontrolled proliferation of T lymphocytes
  • 70-99% of WBCs are lymphocytes (CD19+)
  • symmetrical and painless lymphnode enlargement
  • smear cells burst during processing
  • asymptomatic
  • immunosuppression

11. what is false about acute lymphoblastic leukaemia?

  • generalised lymphadenopathy
  • uncontrolled lymphoid stem cells resulting in large numbers of abnormal lymphoblasts in bone marrow
  • WBCs are MPO positive
  • majority of children are curable with chemotherapy and CNS prophylaxis
  • abrupt bone and joint pain (symptoms of bone marrow failure)
  • hepatospenomegaly

12. what is false about chronic myeloid leukaemia?

  • may cause gout due to rapid cell turnover causing purine release leading to uric acid
  • 50% 5 yr survival
  • associated with presence of philadelphia chromosome (oncogene)
  • large numbers of circulating myloblasts
  • increases LDH and urate
  • leukostatis = leukocyte clumping, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly

13. what is not a cause of blood cancer?

  • radiation exposure
  • myelodysplasia (pre-cancer)
  • genetic predispositions
  • previous chemotherapy with alkylating agents

14. what is CA 125 antigen a marker for (raised in 50% of all cases)?

  • breast cancer
  • epithelial ovarian cancer/ intra-abdominal cancers
  • pancriatic, gastric, colorectal carcinoma
  • advanced adenocarcinoma

15. what is CA 19-9 antigen a marker for (lewis a blood group glycoprotein)?

  • epithelial ovarian cancer/ intra-abdominal cancers
  • advanced adenocarcinoma
  • pancriatic, gastric, colorectal carcinoma
  • breast cancer

16. what is false about outcomes of non-hodgkins lymphoma blood tests?

  • 63% 10yr survival rate, responds well to chemo but no cure
  • microcytic, normochromic anaemia
  • may be due to autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

17. what is false about acute myloid leukaemia?

  • causes pancytopenia
  • increase in B and T cells
  • uncontrolled proliferation of myeloid stem cells resulting in large numbers of immature stem cells
  • malaise, fever and sweats due to metabolism to make cells

18. what is false about outcomes of hodgkin lymphoma blood tests?

  • lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia in early stage
  • lymph node biopsy needed
  • 80% 10yr survival rate with high cure rates
  • normocytic, normochromic anaemia
  • high eosinophil and neutrophil count