C4 Periodic Table

Chemistry

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What is an Isotope?
Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
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Elements in the same group (no. electrons in outer shell) are arranged...
Vertically/In columns.
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Elements in the same period (no. of shells the electrons occupy) are arranged...
Horizontally/In rows.
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How many electrons are needed in the outer shell of an atom to make it have a STABLE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE?
8.
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Non-metals combine by covalent bonding. What happens in covalent bonding?
Electron pairs are shared.
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How do you describe water and carbon dioxide bonds?
Simple molecules with weak intermolecular forces.
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Explain why atoms are neutral?
Atoms have equal numbers of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons.
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What is the electronic structure of Sulfur? 16
2.8.6
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Explain why Lithium forms a positive ion
Atoms are stable when they have a full outer shell of electrons. Lithium has one electron in its outer shell so is more stable if this electron is lost. This leaves the atom with a positive charge.
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Explain why Fluorine forms a negative ion.
Fluroine has an electron pattern of 2.7 so needs one more electron to become stable. This becomes an negative ion.
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When is magnesium oxide able to conduct electricity?
When it is in a solution or molten.
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Explain why a solution of sodium chloride can conduct electricity?
It contains ions; these are free to move.
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Explain why sodium chloride has a high melting point
A lot of energy is needed to break apart the giant ionic lattice formed by strong attractions of ions.
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Explain why magnesium oxide has an even higher melting point than sodium chloride
Magnesium transfers out two electrons not just one; Magnesium ions are very small so they can get closer so the bonds are stronger.
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Explain why group one elements have similar properties
They each have one electron in their outer shell/they each lose one electron to form an ion.
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Explain how group one elements form ions with stable electronic structures and construct an ionic equation to demonstrate this
The lose one electron to form a stable electronic structure; Na - e- -> Na+
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Oxidation is the process of electron ____
Loss
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Reduction is the process of electron ____
Gain
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Construct the word equation for the reaction between sodium and bromine
Sodium + Bromine -> Sodium Bromide
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Construct the balanced symbol equation for the reaction between potassium (K) and chlorine
2K + Cl2 -> 2KCl
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What would you see if chlorine was bubbled through potassium iodide? What type of reaction is this?
A red/brown solution; displacement
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Explain why group seven elements have similar properties. Use ideas about ions
Group seven elements have seven electrons in their outer shell,so gain one to form a (singly charged) negative ion
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Explain the trend of reactivity in the halogens group in terms of electron transfer
The easier it is to attract a electron into the outer shell the more reactive the element
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A compound that contains a transition element is often coloured. What colour is a) copper b) iron (||) c) iron (|||)
a) blue b) pale green c) orange/brown
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Give an example of transition elements as catalysts
Iron (haber process)
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Transition elements or their compounds are often catalysts. What are catalysts?
A sustance that changes the rate of reaction but remains unchanged at the end of the reaction
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Construct the word equation for the thermal decomposition of copper carbonate
Copper Carbonate -> copper oxide + Carbon Dioxide
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What would you see if copper carbonate decomposes?
Blue/Green solid becomes different coloured powder (black)
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Write the balanced symbol equation of the thermal decomposition of zinc carbonate
ZnCO3 -> ZnO + CO2
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Write a balanced symbol equation for the reaction between Fe+ ions and hydroxide ions
Fe2+ + 2OH- -> Fe(OH)2
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Explain why you would make electrical cables out of silver or copper rather than lead or iron
Silver and copper both have higher electrical conductivity
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Describe what is meant by a superconductor
A superconductor is a material that conducts electricity with little or no resistance
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What are the potential benefits of superconductors?
The potential benefits are loss-free power transmission; super fast electronic circuits; powerful electromagnets
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Explain some of the drawbacks of superconductors
They only work at very low temperatures; this limits their use/not enough superconductors work well at 20 degree c yet
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Explain why metals have high melting/boiling points
have strong metallic bonding making them hard to separate, so a lot of energy is needed
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What are the three main stages of water purification?
Sedimentation, Filtration, Chlorination
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In water purification, some soluble substances are not removed. Name two examples
Pesticides and Nitrates
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Distillation removes dissolved substances. What is the disadvantage of using distillation?
Huge amounts of energy needed/ it is very expensive
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Construct the word equation for the reaction between barium chloride and magnesium sulfate? What kind of reaction is this?
Magnesium sulfate + Barium Chloride -> magnesium chloride + Barium sulfate ;Precipitation
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Elements in the same group (no. electrons in outer shell) are arranged...

Back

Vertically/In columns.

Card 3

Front

Elements in the same period (no. of shells the electrons occupy) are arranged...

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How many electrons are needed in the outer shell of an atom to make it have a STABLE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Non-metals combine by covalent bonding. What happens in covalent bonding?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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