c3 revision

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What causes continents to drift over the surface of the Earth?
Slow convection currents in the mantle.
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How would you find out the history of a sedimentary rock?
By looking at the shape and size of its' grains.
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What is special about the River Mersey?
It is next to salt deposits, coal mines and limestone quarries, which provide the raw materials for making chlorine.
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Why is salt mined from the east coast of Essex?
Because in Essex there is little rainfall which means the rivers and estuaries have a high concentration of salt.
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Where does most of Britain's rock salt come from?
North Yorkshire and Cheshire.
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Why does salt stop water from freezing?
Because it has a lower freezing point than water.
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How does Britain mine its salt?
Solution Mining - it pumps water down to the rock, and the salt in the rock then dissolves and is carried to the surface in the water.
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What is the solution of salt in water called?
Brine.
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What is a centrifuge used for?
Evaporating the water from the brine to divide the salt.
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Why is too much salt bad for humans?
It increases their blood pressure.
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Name three uses of alkalis before modern technology?
Converting fat and oils into soap, neutralising acid soils and making glass.
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What is a property of all alkalis?
They all dissolve in water.
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Name wo very corrosive alkalis?
Sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.
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Alkaline hydroxide + acid = ?
Salt + water.
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Alkaline Carbonate + acid = ?
Carbon dioxide + water.
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What was the Leblanc process?
A process that used calcium carbonate and sodium chloride to make the alkali sodium carbonate.
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What were the problems with the Leblanc process?
It created lots and lots of waste and was very polluting.
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Why do we put chlorine in drinking water?
To make it safe to drink - it kills the dangerous bacteria in water.
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What is the name of the group of chemicals that may be formed as a result of chlorination?
Trihalomethanes (THMs).
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What is the danger of THMs?
They could be leading to cancer.
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What is electrolysis?
The chemical changes that happen when an electric current flows through a solution.
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When do we use electrolysis?
When we want to separate brine into hydrogen, sodium hydroxide and chlorine.
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What is PVC made from?
Ethane, carbon, hydrogen and chlorine.
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Name 4 things PVC is used to make?
Clothing, garden hoses, gutter and sewer pipes.
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What are the three things that we do with PVC's once they are finished int heir useful life?
Recycle them, burn them to make energy or put them in landfills.
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Why do some organisations try to fight PVC's?
Because they are linked with infertility and cancer, and can leach out of children's toys and into their saliva which could be dangerous.
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What is DHCP and name an advantage and disadvantage of it?
It is a plasticiser for PVC that is very useful because it has all the correct properties for hospital tubing, however if it leavs out of the PVC and into the blood stream there is a small chance it could be dangerous.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How would you find out the history of a sedimentary rock?

Back

By looking at the shape and size of its' grains.

Card 3

Front

What is special about the River Mersey?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Why is salt mined from the east coast of Essex?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Where does most of Britain's rock salt come from?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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