C3 Flashcards
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- Created by: KiaG
- Created on: 24-04-17 20:19
What is the coloured vapour for fluorine?
Very reactive, poisonous yellow gas.
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What is the coloured vapour for chlorine?
Fairly reactive, poisonous, dense green gas.
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What is the coloured vapour for bromine?
Dense, poisonous, red-brown, volatile liquid.
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What is the coloured vapour for iodine?
Dark grey, crystalline solid or a purple vapour.
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What happens as you go down group 7?
It gets less reactive, higher melting point, higher boiling point.
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Why does group 7 get less reactive as you go down?
It's harder to gain an electron because the outer shell is further away from the nucleus.
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What do the halogens form and with what?
Ionic bonds with metals.
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What will a more reactive halogen do to a less reactive one?
It will displace it from an aqueous solution of its salt.
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How did Dmitri Mendeleev order the electrons?
In order of atomic mass.
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Why was Dmitri Mendeleev's table accepted?
He left gaps.
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Why wasn't Newland's table accepted?
His groups contained elements that contained similar properties. He mixed up metals and non-metals. He didn't leave any gaps.
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What happens as you go down group 1?
It gets more reactive. Have a lower melting and boiling point.
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Why does group 1 get more reactive as you go down?
Because the electron is more easily lost because it it further away from the nucleus.
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What do the alkali metals form and with what?
Ionic compounds with non-metals.
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What does hard water make?
Scum and scale.
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How can you remover hard water by putting it through an ion exchange column?
The resin contains negative sodium ions. It is a strong attraction with a magnesium and calcium ions with a 2+ charge. This will displace the negative sodium because it has a 1- charge. The sodium will go into the water and dissolve.
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What is hard water caused by?
Dissolved magnesium and calcium ions that react with soap to make scum.
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Why are Ca 2+ ions good?
They are good for healthy bones and teeth. There is less risk of developing heart disease.
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If a product has scale, why will it take longer to boil?
Because it is a thermal insulator.
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What causes temporary hardness?
The hydrogencarbonate ion (HCO-3)
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What causes permanent hardness?
Dissolved calcium sulfate.
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What happens when hard water is heated?
Hard water becomes scale - mostly calcium carbonate - this reduces efficiency.
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How can temporary hardness be removed?
By boiling. When heated, the calcium hydrogen carbonate will break down into calcium carbonate which is insoluble. This is the solid limescale that is on your kettle.
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What can soften both types of hardness?
By adding washing soda (sodium carbonate). The added carbonate ions react with the Ca and Mg 2+ ions to make an insoluble precipitate of calcium and magnesium carbonate. The calcium and magnesium ions are no longer dissolved in water so its not hard.
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Why are group 1 called the alkali metals?
Because the solution becomes alkaline and they form alkali compounds.
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What colour will the universal indicator turn when it was in group 1?
Purple.
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How do lithium and sodium react when they are put in water?
They react vigorously - they float and move round on the surface and fizz furiously.
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Why do group 1 metals need to be stored in oil?
To stop them reacting with water vapour and oxygen.
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What colour compounds do group 1 form and what happens to them in water?
They produce white compounds that dissolve in water to form colourless solutions.
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How do you know if hydrogen is present?
A lighted splint will indicate hydrogen by producing a squeaky pop as the H2 ignites.
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What is formed that dissolves in water to form alkalines?
Hydroxides.
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Describe the stages of water treatment?
Water passes through a metal screen that catches large objects. It goes into a settlement tank that settles out all the sand and soil. Aluminium sulfate and lime (calcium oxide) is added to make small particles clump together and fall to the bottom.
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Describe the stages of water treatment?
The water is filtered through gravel beds to remove all the solids. Water is chlorinated to kill any of the microbes left. The pH of the water is checked.
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How can you produce totally pure water?
Boiling water to make steam and then condensing the steam. This canno't be done in the industry because it requires too much energy that would cost a lot.
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What do carbon and silver do?
Carbon gets rid of the chlorine taste. Silver kills the bugs and bacteria.
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Where can the nitrogen, that is needed for the hater process be obtained from?
The air.
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Where can the hydrogen, that is needed for the hater process be obtained from?
Natural gas.
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What industrial conditions are needed for the haber process to work?
Pressure: 200 atmospheres. Temperature: 450'C. Catalyst: iron.
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Why do high pressures favour the forward reaction?
There are four molecules of gas on the left hand side and two on the right.
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Why would the yield of ammonia be greatest at a lower temperature?
The forward reaction is exothermic, which means that increasing the temperature will move the equilibrium the wrong way.
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Why do they increase the temperature anyway?
Because the lower temperature mean that there is a slower rate of reaction.
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Why is 450'C temperature used?
It is a compromise between the maximum yield and the speed of reaction.
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How is the ammonia formed?
As a gas, but as it cools in the condenser it liquifies and is removed.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is the coloured vapour for chlorine?
Back
Fairly reactive, poisonous, dense green gas.
Card 3
Front
What is the coloured vapour for bromine?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is the coloured vapour for iodine?
Back
Card 5
Front
What happens as you go down group 7?
Back
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