What is formed when we disolve a substance in water?
Aqueous soltutions
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What do bases do to acids
Bases react with acids and neutralise
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What are alkalis?
Bases that dissolve in water to make alkaline solutions.
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What do Alkali's produce when dissolved in water?
Hydroxide ions, OH -
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What metals react with acids what do they produce?
A Salt and Hydrogen. Metal + Acid ---> Salt + Hydrogen
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What are metal hydroxides and metal oxides?
Bases
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When an acid reacts with a base, what is produced?
A Salts and Water. Acid + Base ---> A salt + Water
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How can salts be made?
1. Adding a metal or case insoluble in water to acid untill it has been reacted 2. The mixture is filtered to removed excess reactant 3. Water is evapourated from the solution 4. It crystallises
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How are chloride mades?
From hydrochloric acid, nitrates from nitric acid and sulfates from sulfuric acid.
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what is formed when acids and alkalis react? What is the neutralisation equation?
A soluble salt + water. H+ + OH - --> H2O
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How is solid state obtained from a solution of alkali and acid?
Crystallisation
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What is a precipitate?
A solid formed when two substances react together. It can be filtered, washed and dried.
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What is electrolysis?
The process that uses electricity to break down ionic compounds into elements
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What is the substance that is broken down by electrolysis?
Electrolyte
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How do ions in electrolyte react to the placed charge rods?
Move to the electrodes where they are discharged to produce elements.
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What happens in the positive electrode?
Negatively charged ions are attracted to the positive electrode where they lose their electrons to form non-metallic elements.
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What happens in the negative electrode?
Positively charged ions are attracted where they form metals or hydrogen by gaining an electron
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What is the gaining of electrons also known as?
Reduction
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What is the loss of electrons also known as?
Oxidation
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How can you represent the changes at the electrodes?
By half equations
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Why aren't all ions reduced or oxidised?
Because the least reactive ions re the ones that are attracted tot he electrodes
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Why is aluminim oxide mixed with cryolitein the elctrolysis cell?
So that aluminium oxide can melt at 850° which is a lower temperature than if ti was melted on its own.
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What is the over reaction of aluminium oxide in electrolysis?
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