C2 terms
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- Created by: Elisabeth Montague
- Created on: 29-11-18 09:53
Independent variable
The variable being changed by the researcher
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Dependent variable
The variable which is measured to see if a change is occurring
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Co-variables
Variables which have a correlation
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Operisationlisation
The way to manipulate the IV to get a change in the DV
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Extraneous variables
Variables which influence the participants, such as the time of day or the temperature
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Co-founding variables
Extraneous variable which haven't been controlled
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Standardisation
Making sure all participants are tested under the same conditions
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Matched Pairs
Matching two participants by their characteristics, like age or gender
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Null Hypothesis
Saying there is no difference between variables
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Alternative hypothesis
A testable statement which is either aimed to be proved wrong or right
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Directional hypothesis
Stating that there is a relationship between the variables
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Reliability
The consistency of results
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Validity
The legitimacy of results
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Internal reliability
How consistent something is withing itself
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External reliability
The measure of consistency over several occasions
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Test-retest reliability
The measure is repeated twice to the same group of people
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Split half reliability
Splitting a test in two halves and comparing their scores in both halves
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Inter-rater reliability
If the results come from interpreting behaviour, the results of two different rates can be compared
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Generalisability
Producing results which can be generalised to other situations outside of the experiment
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External validity
How well results can be generalised outside of the experiment
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Experimental validity
If the study is measuring what it initially intended to
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Internal validity
If we can be sure it was the IV that caused the DV to change
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Situational variable
Variables to do with the environment of the study
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Participant variables
Any difference in the participants, such as gender
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Experimenter bias
How the behaviour of the researcher can influence the behaviour of the participants
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Demand characteristics
Participants looking for cues on how to behave in an experiment
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Participant effects
Participants behaving unnaturally as they know they're in a study
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Ecological validity
How well the experimental situation reflects real life
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Population validity
How well the participants used represent the general population
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Historical validity
If the study can be related to different historical periods
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Lab experiment
The experiment taking place in a controlled environments, where participants know they're taking part in a study but don't know its aim
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Field experiment
Experiment taking place in a natural setting but IV manipulated, where participants don't know they're in a study
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Natural experiment
Field experiment but IV is not manipulated
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Quasi experiment
IV is not deliberately manipulated
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Quasi-natural experiment
IV is naturally occurring
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Quasi-different experiment
No IV at all
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Repeated measures
Same participants in each condition
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Independent group measures
One group of different participants for each condition
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Nominal data
Data is separate categories
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Ordinal data
Data is ordered in some way
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Opportunity sampling
A sample of participants who were made available at the time of the experiment
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Random sampling
A sample of participants who were chosen randomly
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Snowball sampling
Participants referring on further participants
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Stratified sampling
A sample produced by identifying subgroups of the target population, and are chosen randomly from their groups
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Systematic sampling
A sample produced by selecting every nth person
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Non-participant observation
The observer is separate from the participants
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Participant observation
The observer is taking part in the activity being observed
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Social desirability bias
Participants answering or acting in a way which makes others view them in a better light
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Rapport
The researcher creating a friendship with the participant in order to make them feel more comfortable
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Face validity
Examining the results to see if it look how it should look
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The variable which is measured to see if a change is occurring
Back
Dependent variable
Card 3
Front
Variables which have a correlation
Back
Card 4
Front
The way to manipulate the IV to get a change in the DV
Back
Card 5
Front
Variables which influence the participants, such as the time of day or the temperature
Back
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