1% Argon
0.03-0.04% Carbon Dioxide
Small Proportions of noble gases (except argon)
21% Oxygen
78% Nitrogen
Varying Proportions of water vapour
1 of 18
Name the physical properties of Nitrogen
Colourless, Odourless Gas
Neutral
Insoluble in Water
2 of 18
Explain Nitrogen's lack of reactivity
Nitrogen is an unreactive gas due to the strong triple covalent bond. Substantial energy is needed to break this bond before the nitrogen atoms can react
3 of 18
Give the uses of Hydrogen
Food Packaging- Nitrogen creates an inert atmosphere to keep food fresh
Coolant- Liquid Nitrogen is used to freeze food products and stem cells, while also used as a coolant in refrigerated lorries
4 of 18
Describe the Test for Ammonia
Hold the glass rod dipped in concentrated hydrochloric acid near the gas
If ammonia is present, white smoke (ammonium chloride) is formed
Ammonia reacts with hydrogen chloride to form ammonium chloride
5 of 18
What is Ammonia
Ammonia is a gas manufactured from nitrogen (NH3) and is a very soluble basic gas with a pungent smell
6 of 18
Give the uses of ammonia
Ammonia is reacted with acids to make ammonium salts which are used as artificial fertilisers
7 of 18
Give the word and chemical equations for ammonia's uses
Oxygen is a diatomic gas with the formula 02
It is;
a colourless/odourless gas
neutral
slightly soluble in water
9 of 18
Give the uses of oxygen
In welding, the gas acetylene is mixed with oxygen to increase the temperature at which it burns. Oxyacetylene welding is used to cut and weld steel
In medicine, oxygen is used for patients with breathing difficulties
10 of 18
Describe the test for oxygen
Apply a glowing splint
If oxygen is present the glowing splint relights
11 of 18
Describe the laboratory preparation and collection of oxygen
Hydrogen peroxide is a colourless liquid that slowly decomposes to produce water and oxygen. To prepare a sample of oxygen this decomposition is speeded up using a catalyst of manganese (IV) oxide
hydrogen peroxide -> oxygen + water
2H202 -> O2 + 2H2O
12 of 18
Describe Hydrogen and its properties
Hydrogen is a diatomic gas with the formula H2
Colourless, odourless gas
insoluble in water
less dense than air
neutral
13 of 18
Describe the test for hydrogen and the formula for its preparation
Apply a lighted splint to a sample of gas
A squeaky pop indicates the presence of hydrogen
2H2 + O2 -> 2H2O
zinc + hydrochloric acid -> zinc chloride + hydrogen
Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2
14 of 18
Explain the uses of Hydrogen
Hydrogen is light and is used in weather balloons to carry weather instruments high into the atmosphere
It is used in hardening oils. Unsaturated vegetable oils are liquid at room temperature but can also be hardened by reaction with hydrogen
15 of 18
Describe Carbon dioxide and its physical properties
Carbon Dioxide has the formula CO2
Colourless, Odourless gas
Slightly soluble in water
acidic
denser than air
16 of 18
Describe the uses of carbon dioxide
To make drinks fizzy
Fire extinguishers: Carbon dioxide is denser than air so it sinks over the flames, pushing out the surrounding oxygen and starving the fire of oxygen
17 of 18
Describe the test for Carbon Dioxide
Bubble the gas into colourless limewater
If the limewater turns milky the gas is carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide + limewater -> calcium carbonate + water
Co2(g) + Ca(OH)2(aq) -> CaCO3 (s) + H2O (I)
18 of 18
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Name the physical properties of Nitrogen
Back
Colourless, Odourless Gas
Neutral
Insoluble in Water
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