C2 Bonding

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  • Created by: Simrxn
  • Created on: 07-12-16 11:31
What is bonding?
When the different atoms react together (and bond) to form compounds.
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Explain what an isotope is?
An isotope is a different atomic form of the same element which has the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
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What occurs in ionic bonding?
When electrons are transferred between atoms (non-metals & metals), charged particles called ions are produced causing ionic bonding.
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What occurs in Covalent bonding?
Electrons are shared between atoms(non-metal & non-metal) forming molecules which produces a covalent bond.
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What happens as a result of bonding to the electron configuration?
Atoms attain a full outer shell to become stable configuration by having an arrangement like a noble gas.
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What are the charges of electrons once ionically bonded?
Non metal atom loses an electron to have a negative charge and the metal atom gain electrons to have a positive charge.
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What happens to Magnesium and oxygen electron configuration when ionically bonded?
In order for both atoms to have a full outer shell Magnesium needs to lose 2 electrons as its configuration is 2,8,2 and Oxygen gains 2 electrons as its configuration is 2,6 producing a stable atomic structure.
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What force is an ionic lattice held together by?
An electrostatic force of attraction between the positive metal ions and the negative non metal ions, these forces act in all directions to produce a 3D lattice structure.
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What are common complex ions ?
Ions that are made up of non metals.
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What are the common complex ions you need to know for GCSE?
Hydroxide, Sulphate, Phosphate, Nitrate and Carbonate.
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Give an example of an isotope?
Oxygen,Carbon
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Explain how water is formed through Covalent bonding?
Oxygen = 6 electrons in the outer shell and to attain a stable structure it must have two shared electrons from hydrogen to become water (H20).
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What element does the giant covalent structure diamond contain and how many other atoms is the element bonded to?
Carbon with every Carbon atom bonded to 4 other atoms producing a tetrahedral shape.
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What elements do Silicon Dioxide contain?
Silicon & Oxygen.
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What is the ratio of Silicion dioxide?
For every One silicon atom there are two oxygens.
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What are the properties of Diamond and Silicon dioxide?
High Melting point & boiling point, a strong covalent bond, no molecules to weaken the covalent bond,also the structure can take pressure as it is rigid.
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Explain the properties of Diamond and Silicon Dioxide
As there no weak forces this produces a strong,Covalent bond with a rigid structure which shall need a lot of energy to break hence why they have a high melting point and boiling point .
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Do Diamond and Silicon Dioxide conduct electricity?
No as there are no delocalised electons or charged particles to conduct electricity.
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What is a giant covalent structure that is made up of Carbon and how many carbon atoms are bonded to Graphite?
Graphite and it has 3 Carbon atoms bonded to Graphite.
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What is the structure produced in Graphite?
Graphites structure has a series of layers based on hexagonal arrangement and has weak intermolecular attraction which makes Graphite rub off and layers can slide over one another.
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Why do Graphites layers easily slider over one another?
Graphite has delocalised electrons moving in between layers causing the layers to slide over one another.
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What are the properties of Graphite?
High melting & boiling point due to the giant covalent structure, layers of carbon atoms slide over one another making graphite easily used in pencils as it flakes onto paper & only conducts electrcity due to delocalised electrons.
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What is C60 fullerene?
C60 fullerence contains 60 carbon atoms based on hexagonal rings of various shapes such as tubes and spheres.
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State three uses of Fullerenes?
High melting & boiling point, hollow substance delivering specific target issues within the body like drugs, a catalyst increasing surface area.
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What occurs in metallic bonding?
Metal atoms loses electrons from the outer shell and these electrons are delocalised within the giant structure.
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State properties of metallic bonding?
Malleable which allows the metal to be bent and shaped, good conductors of heat & electricity and a relatively high melting point.
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Explain the properties of metallic bonding?
Metals are malleable because they are arranged in layers within a giant metallic structure and layers of atoms slide over one another
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What is an alloy?
An alloy is a mixture of different metals and tend to be harder than the metal they are made from.
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How are particles in an alloy different to particles in a metal?
Particles in an alloy are harder hence why the layers of atoms do not slide over each other easily, also the arrangement is distorted due to the different sizes of atoms.
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Why can’t ionic and covalent compounds conduct electricity as solids?
Because as a solid, the ions are held within the lattice and are not free to move. They cannot carry charge or current.
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Why can ionic compounds only conduct electricity when molten?
When molten, the ions are free to move around and can carry the charge through the liquid.
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Is hydrogen chloride a simple or covalent substance?
Simple covalent.
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Would covalent compounds have a high or low melting/boiling point? Explain why.
Low. The bonds between the molecules is weak and easily broken, due to the inter-molecular attraction.
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Would ionic compounds have a high or low melting/boiling point? Explain why.
High melting and boiling point because of the strong electrostatic attraction between negative and positive ions.
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What is a polymer?
A long chain of monomers.
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How can poly(ethene) be obtained?
Cracking.
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What do the properties of polymers depend on?
The monomer that it is made from and the conditions under which it’s made in.
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What are the properties of poly(ethene), also mention one use?
-Easy to shape -Fairly strong - Transparent. -Plastic bags -Drinking bottles -Cling Firm.
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What are the properties of poly(propene), also mention one use?
-Very strong and tough. - Carpet - Plastic crates -Boxes -Ropes
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What are the different forms of Poly(ethene)?
Low density poly(ethene) LDPE and High density poly(ethene) HDPE.
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What are the properties of LDPE (Low density poly(ethene)) structure?
-Branched chain polymer and prevents close packing of chains.
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What are the conditions of manufacturing low density poly(ethene)?
-High pressure -Traces of oxygen
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Does LDPE have a weak or strong relative strength?
Weak
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What are the properties of HDPE (High density poly(ethene)) structure?
-Straight chain (unbranded) polymers and allows for close packing of chains.
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What are the conditions of manufacturing High density poly(ethene)?
-Catalyst -50 degrees -Slightly raised pressure
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Does HDPE have a weak or strong relative strength?
Strong
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Both LDPE and HDPE have the same m_______, what is the missing word?
Monomers
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Card 2

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Explain what an isotope is?

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An isotope is a different atomic form of the same element which has the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Card 3

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What occurs in ionic bonding?

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Card 4

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What occurs in Covalent bonding?

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Card 5

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What happens as a result of bonding to the electron configuration?

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