C1 Definitions

?
Crude oil
Liquid mixture of hydrocarbons, formed by the decay of the remains of creatures that lived millions of years ago
1 of 86
Fossil fuel
Fuel that was formed by the decay of the remains of creatures that lived millions of years ago
2 of 86
Non-renewable resource
Resource, such as fuel that was made a long time ago and is being used up faster than it is being made now
3 of 86
Finite resource
Resource, such as fuel, that exists in a certain amount and that is not being replaced as it is used so will eventually run out
4 of 86
Fractional distillation
Separation of a mixture into fractions that boil at different temperatures
5 of 86
Fraction
Part of a mixture that can be seperated from the rest by a physical process such as boiling
6 of 86
Impermeable
Layer of material that does not allow a liquid to pass through it
7 of 86
Oil well
Shaft drilled into the Earth to allow crude oil to be brough to the surface
8 of 86
Oil slick
Layer of oil floating on water in the sea or in the lake
9 of 86
Petrochemical
Chemical obtained from crude oil
10 of 86
Cracking
Process of breaking large molecules into smaller ones by heating or using a catalyst
11 of 86
Catalyst
Substance that speeds up a reaction without being used up in the reaction
12 of 86
Fuel
Substance that releases energy when it is burnt
13 of 86
Combustion
Process of burning fossil fuels which releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and provides energy
14 of 86
Complete combustion
The burning of a hydrocarbon to produce carbon dioxide and water only
15 of 86
Limewater
Solution of calcium hydroxide in water
16 of 86
Incomplete combustion
Burning of a hydrocarbon to produce substances that could be oxidised further, such as carbon (soot) and carbon monoxide
17 of 86
Carbon monoxide
Poisonous gas that contains one atom of carbon and one atom of oxygen in each molecule, CO
18 of 86
Soot
Deposit of carbon formed by the incomplete combustion of compounds containing carbon
19 of 86
Pollution
Contamination of the environment by harmful substances
20 of 86
Toxicity
Extent to which a substance can damage a living creature
21 of 86
Atmosphere
Mixture of gases surrounding the Earth
22 of 86
Volcanic activity
Eruption of volcanoes, releasing large amounts of gases into the atmosphere
23 of 86
Photosythesis
Process by which plants build carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water, using sunlight energy
24 of 86
Respiration
Process by which living things release energy from carbohydrates, also producing carbon dioxide and water
25 of 86
Global warming
Effect caused by greenhouse gases building up in the atmosphere causing a rise in the global temperature
26 of 86
Deforestation
Process of cutting down large numbers of trees to clear the ground for building or for growing crops
27 of 86
Pollutant
Substance released into the environment that can cause harm to living things, including humans
28 of 86
Acid rain
Rain containing some gases from the air that makes and acid solution. Acid rain dissolves some materials, such as limestone
29 of 86
Photochemical smog
Form of atmospheric pollution caused by the action of sunlight on pollutants from exhaust gases from cars
30 of 86
Catalytic converter
System that removes pollutants from car exhaust gases
31 of 86
Hydrocarbon
Compound whose molecules contain atoms of hydrogen and carbon only
32 of 86
Alkane
Hydrocarbon that contains no rings or double bonds in a molecule
33 of 86
Displayed formula
Description of a covalently bonded compound or element that uses symbols for atoms and that also shows the covalent bonds between the atoms
34 of 86
Covalent bond
Shared pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule
35 of 86
Alkene
Hydrocarbon that contains a double bond (two shared pairs of electrons) between two carbon atoms
36 of 86
Saturated
Compound that contains no double bonds in its molecules
37 of 86
Unsaturated
Compound that contains at least on double bond in its molecules
38 of 86
Addition reaction
Reaction in which two reactants combine to make only one product
39 of 86
Polymer
Material whose molecules are made up of many repeated units
40 of 86
Monomer
Material whose molecules are the individual structural units of a polymer
41 of 86
Polymerisation
Reaction in which monomer molecules join together to make a polymer
42 of 86
Addition polymerisation
Polymerisation reaction that only involves addition reactions
43 of 86
Cross-link
Bond that links two polymer chains together
44 of 86
Waterproof clothing
Clothing that does not allow rain to pass through it to the inside
45 of 86
Breathable clothing
Clothing that allows water vapour to pass through but does not allow liquid water (rain) to pass through
46 of 86
Laminated
Made up of layers joined together
47 of 86
Non-biodegradable
Not able to be broken down by the action of bacteria
48 of 86
Landfill site
Large hole in the ground in which rubbish is dumped
49 of 86
Biodegradable
Can be broken down by microorganisms
50 of 86
Chemical change
Change in which new substances are formed that have different chemical properties from the original substances
51 of 86
Protein
Very large molecule contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen that is found in living things
52 of 86
Texture
The feel of a material
53 of 86
Denaturing
Process of changing the structure of a protein molecule by heating (cooking) or chemical treatment
54 of 86
Starch
Large carbohydrate with molecules that are polymers of sugars
55 of 86
Carbohydrate
Compound such as sugar or starch that contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen with the general formula CH2O
56 of 86
Decomposition
Process of breaking up molecules into smaller ones
57 of 86
Food additive
Substance added to a food to improve its appearance, taste or keeping quality
58 of 86
Antioxidant
Food additive that slows down the reaction of a food with oxygen from the air
59 of 86
Food colour
Food additive that improves the colour of a food, making it look more attractive
60 of 86
Flavour enhancer
Additive that improves that taste of food
61 of 86
Emulsifier
Material that enables a stable mixture to be formed between two liquids that would normally separate, such as oil and water
62 of 86
Hydrophillic
The part of the molecule that interacts well with water
63 of 86
Hydrophobic
The part of the molecule that does not interact well with water but does interact well with oil
64 of 86
Cosmetics
Substances used to change a persons appearance
65 of 86
Synthetic
Describes a substance that does not occur in nature but has to be made in a laboratory
66 of 86
Perfume
Volatile substance that has a pleasant smell
67 of 86
Ester
Compound such as ethyl ethonate made by reacting an organic acid with an alcohol
68 of 86
Volaticity
Ability of a substance to evaporate
69 of 86
Organic acid
Acid that has molecules containing a carbon chain
70 of 86
Solution
Mixture of a substance (solute) dissolved in a liquid
71 of 86
Solvent
Liquid that dissolves a substance to form a solution
72 of 86
Solute
Substance dissolved in a liquid to form a solution
73 of 86
Soluble
Describes a substance that will dissolve in a liquid
74 of 86
Insoluble
Describes a substance that will not dissolve in a liquid
75 of 86
Pigement
Coloured material used in paints
76 of 86
Paint
Mixture of substances used to decorate or protect surfaces
77 of 86
Emulsion paint
Paint made up of substances forming an emulsion in water
78 of 86
Oil paint
Paint in which materials are dispersed in oil
79 of 86
Colloid
Mixture of substances dispersed throughout a liquid
80 of 86
Dispersed
Spread throughout
81 of 86
Thermochromic
Describes a substance that changes colour according to the temperature
82 of 86
Dye
Coloured substance the dissolves in a liquid that can be used to colour cloth
83 of 86
Phosphorescent
Describes something that gives out light that has been absorbed earlier
84 of 86
Radioactive
Describes something that emits radiation from the nucleus of an atom
85 of 86
Radiation
Transfer of energy across a distance, sometimes in the form of particles given off by the nuclei of radioactive atoms
86 of 86

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Fuel that was formed by the decay of the remains of creatures that lived millions of years ago

Back

Fossil fuel

Card 3

Front

Resource, such as fuel that was made a long time ago and is being used up faster than it is being made now

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Resource, such as fuel, that exists in a certain amount and that is not being replaced as it is used so will eventually run out

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Separation of a mixture into fractions that boil at different temperatures

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Chemistry resources:

See all Chemistry resources »See all Crude oil, cracking and hydrocarbons resources »