Candidates should know that metals lose electrons to form positive ions, whereas non-metals gain electrons to form negative ions.
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Card 7
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candidates should be able to calculate the mass of a reactant or product from information about the masses of the other reactants and products in the reaction.
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Card 8
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No atoms are lost or made during a chemical reaction so the mass of the products equals the mass of the reactants.
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Card 9
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Limestone, mainly composed of the compound calcium carbonate (CaCO3 ), is quarried and can be used as a building material.
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Card 10
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Candidates should be familiar with using limewater to test for carbon dioxide gas.
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Card 11
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Calcium oxide reacts with water to produce calcium hydroxide, which is an alkali that can be used in the neutralisation of acids.
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Card 12
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Carbonates react with acids to produce carbon dioxide, a salt and water. Limestone is damaged by acid rain.
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Card 13
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Candidates should know that metal ores are obtained by mining and that this may involve digging up and processing large amounts of rock.
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Card 14
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Ores contain enough metal to make it economical to extract the metal. The economics of extraction may change over time.
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Card 15
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Metals that are less reactive than carbon can be extracted from their oxides by reduction with carbon, for example iron oxide is reduced in the blast furnace to make iron.
