seamen, labourers and soldiers from W.Indies, Africa and the Indian sub-cont were stationed in UK during WWI
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WORKING RIGHTS
police considered EM groups non-Brit, so not entitled to the same rights as whites // 1919+ TUs fought for white workers; NUS (seamen) led campaigns
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ALIENS ORDERS ACT, 1920
migrant workers 'aliens', had to register with police before seeking work - or deportation
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SPECIAL RESTRICTIONS ACT 1925
Forced 'coloured' seamen to prove their British citizenship or face deportation
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IMPACT OF WW2
many CW fought and died for Britain - British Nationality Act 1948 meant all CW citizens could be British citizens // New vs Old Commonwealth
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WHAT BRITAIN WANTED
with the NHS and railways and bus transport (nationalised) workers were needs .. campaigns started in W.Indies, India and Pakistan // by 1961, 66,000 West Indians came
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PROBLEMS WITH IMMIGRATION
found poorest accom - e.g. Brixton 'white flight' // COLOUR BAR, landlords and employers discrim (Bristol Bus) // TUs didn't support // 28% pay gap // Teddy Boys
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RACE RIOTS
1958 Nottingham 1000 man fight // Notting Hill, 300-400 white men - started with a white women and her black partner // 3% of immigrants went back to the Caribbean
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GOV POLICIES CHANGE IN 1960s: The 1962 Commonwealth Immigrants Act
needed jobs waiting or certain skills // apply for a voucher (9k limited) didn't apply to AUS, CA, NZ...
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LIBERAL LABOUR?
leader Gaitskell condemned the 1962 act // Wilson gov = new approach // Roy Hattersley essentially said don't discriminate those in the country but don't let anymore in
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HOW THE SITUATION GOT WORSE IN LATE 60s
1967 National Front // Kenyan Asians had to get Kenyan nationality or leave - many came to GB
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RESPONSE: 1968 COMMONWEALTH IMMIGRANTS ACT
must have a conncection to GB, either you, a parent or grandparent borin in Britain // only 1,500 vouchers a year // 80% said too many immigrants allowed - big political issue
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1971 IMMIGRATION ACT
'Patrials' those who were born or etc in GB - or else needed a work permit or visa
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HOW DID THE GOV TRY TO REDUCE RACIAL TENSION
1965 and 68' Race Relations Act baning public discrim then housing and work dicrim, but easily found ways round // 1976 Racial Equality Act, abuse illegal // l.authorities had to make opps
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EXTRA
1966 Race Relations Board, dealt with complains but no power to enforce // also with 1976 Act - Commission for Racial Equality
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KEY OPPOSITION
Enoch Powell and the Rivers of Blood Speech 1968 // Heath did sack Powell – however 75% of the public agreed with his speech
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
WORKING RIGHTS
Back
police considered EM groups non-Brit, so not entitled to the same rights as whites // 1919+ TUs fought for white workers; NUS (seamen) led campaigns
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