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6. virulence is:

  • individual cases occurring geographically isolated
  • the ability the microbe has at causing the disease in the first place
  • the degree of pathology caused by the organism eg a measure of how larger infectious does is needed and how series the disease cased is
  • number of people in a population with a disease at a particular time

7. bacterial slime layers:

  • are unorganised and loosely attached
  • are firmly attached and highly organised
  • aid is cell movement
  • are rigid to prevent cell rupturing

8. toxic shock syndrome, imptigo and osteolmyelitis are all caused by which micro-organism?

  • treponenna pallidum
  • streptococcus pyogenes
  • staphylococcus aureus
  • yersina pestis

9. which of the following STI's causes ulceration

  • chancroid and gonorrhoea
  • chlamydia and gonorrhoea
  • syphilis and chancroid
  • syphillis and chlamydia

10. viruses are:

  • facultative anaerobes
  • obligate intracellular parasites
  • facultative intracellular parasites
  • obligate aerobes

11. exotoxin reactions are caused by:

  • toxins secreted by the bacterium, often diffusible polypeptides
  • products that help the microbe avoid the immune system
  • LPS's on the outside of gram negative bacteria adhering to membranes
  • toxins released in the gut causing massive secretions of fluid into the gut lumen

12. which of these is not a virulence factor?

  • high pathogenicity
  • low infectivity
  • adhesions to aid in cell attachment
  • flagella to aid motility

13. which type of antibiotic targets cell membrane?

  • rifamyscin
  • penicillin
  • polymyxin
  • streptomycin

14. malaria causes which symptoms?

  • neck stiffness, abnormal breathing and fever/chills
  • inflammation and bleeding at tissue damage
  • swollen and haemorrhagic lymph nodes and septicaemia
  • vomiting and diarrhoea

15. which of these is not a method used by cells to maintain pH

  • increase in saturated fatty acids in the membrane
  • increased H+ impermeability
  • presence of cytoplasmic buffering molecules
  • high number of cation transport channels

16. rickettsia species:

  • have arthropod vectors
  • replicate at the site of bite wound causes necrosis
  • cause haemorrhaging (rash)
  • all of the answers
  • are found in dog, human and rodent reservoirs

17. lipids can be produced by limiting the phosphate supply to which microorganism?

  • xanthamonas
  • aspergillus
  • alicaligenes
  • arthrobacter

18. stimulating inflammation by degranulation causing the release of histamine is a feature of which immune cell?

  • mast cell
  • t killer cell
  • natural killer cell
  • monocyte

19. which pathogen is transmitted by inhaling bacteria in fine water droplets from shower heads and air con systems?

  • influenza
  • legionella pneumophilia
  • mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • rhabdovirus

20. asexual spores from ascomycota are:

  • zygospores
  • conidia spores
  • ascospores
  • sporangiuospores