birth enviroments, optimal fetal positioning and latent phase of labour
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- Created by: Ruby waterhouse
- Created on: 15-11-20 09:16
the latent stage of labour
- the beginning of labour
- the cervix dilates up to 4cm
- can feel like period type pain
- can last for days
- may not be continuous
- the cervix dilates up to 4cm
- can feel like period type pain
- can last for days
- may not be continuous
1 of 25
what environment is best to encourage the latent phase of labour to continue and what isnt ?
- being at home
- calm and relaxed and help with the release of oxytocin and the progression with contractions
- busy, stressful environment may increase adrenaline and cause the contractions to come to a stop
- calm and relaxed and help with the release of oxytocin and the progression with contractions
- busy, stressful environment may increase adrenaline and cause the contractions to come to a stop
2 of 25
sings of the latent stage of labour
- backache
- pain
- nausea
- changes in behaviour
- pain
- nausea
- changes in behaviour
3 of 25
what muscles does the lavator ani consist if?
- puborectalis
- pubococcygeous
- illcoccygeous
- pubococcygeous
- illcoccygeous
4 of 25
what is the puborectalis ?
what does it relate to ?
what is the function?
what does it relate to ?
what is the function?
- pubis - pubic bone
- rectalis - rectum
- maintains continence
- rectalis - rectum
- maintains continence
5 of 25
what muscles make up the deep transverse layer of the pelvic floor?
- levator ani
- coccygeus
- coccygeus
6 of 25
coccygeus
what does it support?
what is the function?
what is the insertion?
what does it support?
what is the function?
what is the insertion?
- supports the pelvic viscera (organs)
function - resists increased intra abdominal pressure from coughing and sneezing etc.
insertion - coccyx
function - resists increased intra abdominal pressure from coughing and sneezing etc.
insertion - coccyx
7 of 25
lavator ani
what is the function?
what does it help support ?
what does it form?
what is the insertion?
what is the function?
what does it help support ?
what does it form?
what is the insertion?
function - to provide a strong sling to support the
pelvic organs
- supports the increased of intra abdominal pressure
- forms the anal and vaginal sphincters
insertion - anal canal, perineal body
pelvic organs
- supports the increased of intra abdominal pressure
- forms the anal and vaginal sphincters
insertion - anal canal, perineal body
8 of 25
what muscles make up the middle layer of the pelvic floor?
- deep transverse layer
- sphincter urethrae
- external anal sphincter
- sphincter urethrae
- external anal sphincter
9 of 25
deep transverse layer
what is this?
what is the function?
what is the insertion ?
what is this?
what is the function?
what is the insertion ?
what?- a thin strap of muscle that runs transversely across the pelvic floor
function - anchors the perineal body which supports the pelvic floor
insertion - perineal body, wall of vagina, external anal sphincter
function - anchors the perineal body which supports the pelvic floor
insertion - perineal body, wall of vagina, external anal sphincter
10 of 25
sphincter urethrae
when is this felt?
what is it responsible for?
what does it to?
when is this felt?
what is it responsible for?
what does it to?
- felt when you deliberately stop the urethra
- responsible for continence
- voluntarily compresses the urethra
- responsible for continence
- voluntarily compresses the urethra
11 of 25
external anal sphincter
what does it surround?
what is it responsible for?
what is the insertion?
what can happen if this muscle is damaged?
what does it surround?
what is it responsible for?
what is the insertion?
what can happen if this muscle is damaged?
- surrounds the length of the anal canal
- responsible for anal continence
insertion - puborecatalis
if damaged - internal involuntary continence can occur eg someone may pass faeces when asleep
- responsible for anal continence
insertion - puborecatalis
if damaged - internal involuntary continence can occur eg someone may pass faeces when asleep
12 of 25
what are the muscles that make up the superficial layer?
- bulbosponisus
- ischiocavernous
superficial transverse perineal muscle
- ischiocavernous
superficial transverse perineal muscle
13 of 25
ischiocavernosus
what is it ?
why is it important ?
what is the function
what is the insetion ?
what is it ?
why is it important ?
what is the function
what is the insetion ?
- a thin muscle that loops around the front of the ********
- important in sexual response
- it compresses the corpus cavernosum which restricts the venous return allowing clitoral erection
insertion - crus of ********
- important in sexual response
- it compresses the corpus cavernosum which restricts the venous return allowing clitoral erection
insertion - crus of ********
14 of 25
bublospongiosus
what does it pass through and cover?
why is it important?
was is the instertion?
what does it do?
what does it pass through and cover?
why is it important?
was is the instertion?
what does it do?
- this passes at either side of the vagina, covering the vestibular blub and veins of the ********
- important for sexual response
instertion - corpus cavernosum of ********
- restricts the venus return allowing clitoral errection
- important for sexual response
instertion - corpus cavernosum of ********
- restricts the venus return allowing clitoral errection
15 of 25
Superficial transverse perineal muscle
what is this?
what does it do?
what is the insertion?
what is this?
what does it do?
what is the insertion?
- a thin ***** of muscle than runs transversely across the pelvic floor
- anchors the perineal body which supports the pelvic floor
insertion - perineal body
- anchors the perineal body which supports the pelvic floor
insertion - perineal body
16 of 25
what forms the pelvic floor?
what are the 3 openings for in the pelvic floor
what are the 3 openings for in the pelvic floor
a series of soft tissues that from the pelvic floor fill the outlet of the pelvis and form a sling like structure (hammock)
- 3 openings for the vagina, urethra and anus these are then able to pass through the pelvic floor
- 3 openings for the vagina, urethra and anus these are then able to pass through the pelvic floor
17 of 25
what are the characteristics of the pelvic floor?
- excitable - can receive and respond to neurotransmitting chemicals such as during birth and sexual activity
- contractile - able to stretch when simulated
- extensible
- elastic - ability to resume to former length before simulation
- contractile - able to stretch when simulated
- extensible
- elastic - ability to resume to former length before simulation
18 of 25
functions of the pelvic floor
- support the bladder vagina and rectum
- assist in the process of birth and rotation of the presenting part of the fetus
- maintain intra abdominal pressure when laughing, coughing, sneezing
- assist in the process of micturition or defecation
- assist in the process of birth and rotation of the presenting part of the fetus
- maintain intra abdominal pressure when laughing, coughing, sneezing
- assist in the process of micturition or defecation
19 of 25
what is the perineal body
what is is sometimes referred to as?
what does it do?
when might it be damaged?
what is is sometimes referred to as?
what does it do?
when might it be damaged?
- a triangular shape mass of muscle tissue
- referred as the central tendon
- provides strength to the pelvic floor
- can be damaged through labour through stretching or tearing
- referred as the central tendon
- provides strength to the pelvic floor
- can be damaged through labour through stretching or tearing
20 of 25
hormones involved with the pelvic floor and what these do
increased relaxin - enables good stretching ability
increased progesterone - reduces the smooth muscle tone effecting the ureters, bladder and urethra
increased progesterone - reduces the smooth muscle tone effecting the ureters, bladder and urethra
21 of 25
what do the bublocavernosus, pubocavernosus and the puborectalis do during birth?
- they distend posteriorly to minimize perineal trauma
22 of 25
vaginal examinations
what do these achieve ?
what do these achieve ?
- confirm the onset of labour
- identify the position and presentation of the
- fetus
- can acsess the progress or delay in labour
- identify the position and presentation of the
- fetus
- can acsess the progress or delay in labour
23 of 25
what are the findings of VE's
the cervix - consistency, position, effacement, dilation
condition of the vagina - warm, moist, hot and dry
membranes - are they present or ruptured?
presentation - breech cephalic?
- position of the fetus
condition of the vagina - warm, moist, hot and dry
membranes - are they present or ruptured?
presentation - breech cephalic?
- position of the fetus
24 of 25
what are the risks associated with vaginal examinations?
- invasive and often painful for women
- findings can be misleading
- measurements are inconsistent between practitioners
- can increase the chance of developing an infection
- findings can be misleading
- measurements are inconsistent between practitioners
- can increase the chance of developing an infection
25 of 25
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what environment is best to encourage the latent phase of labour to continue and what isnt ?
Back
- being at home
- calm and relaxed and help with the release of oxytocin and the progression with contractions
- busy, stressful environment may increase adrenaline and cause the contractions to come to a stop
- calm and relaxed and help with the release of oxytocin and the progression with contractions
- busy, stressful environment may increase adrenaline and cause the contractions to come to a stop
Card 3
Front
sings of the latent stage of labour
Back
Card 4
Front
what muscles does the lavator ani consist if?
Back
Card 5
Front
what is the puborectalis ?
what does it relate to ?
what is the function?
what does it relate to ?
what is the function?
Back
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