6. What is the name of the muscle responsible for the voiding process of micturition
Detrusor
Iliacus
Trigone
Ureteric smooth
7. The glomerular network vessels are made of
Three layers of fenestrated endothelia plus elastic and muscular layers
Two epithelial layers and one basement layer 3 membranes in total each with different size pores
Two layers of fenestrated endothelia plus elastic and muscular layers
Endothelial epithelia and muscle
8. The renal corpuscle is part of the nephron, it is composed of
The descending and ascending limb of the loop of Henle
The ascending limb of the loop of Henle and the collecting duct
The glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule
The glomerulus and the proximal convoluted tube
9. Which of the following hormones serves as a direct mediator for water reabsorption
ADH
ANP
Aldosterone
Angiotensin 2
10. What is the purpose of the diameter difference observed between the efferent and the afferent arteriole
To control blood flow volume to and from the glomerulus
A and B are correct (To control blood flow volume to and from the glomerulus & To control blood pressure and maintain the appropriate pressure to modify filtration)
To control blood requirements to different parts of the kidney
To control blood pressure and maintain the appropriate pressure to modify filtration
11. The functional units (the nephrons) are packed neatly into
The renal medulla
The renal cortex
All nephrons traverse both regions, some have more of their loop structure located in the medulla
Some reach into the cortex and others are packed into the medulla
12. The renal pyramids are embedded in the
The renal capsule
The renal medulla
The renal cortex
The renal pelvis
13. What is the trigger for water conservation by the renin-angiotensin route
Hypothermia
Hypovolemia
Hypoxia
Hypertension
14. In order for glomerular filtration to be possible, the pressure within the vessels must NOT fall below
120mmHg
250mmHg
50mmHg
80mmHg
15. The diagram below shows a nephron. What is true of label B
Proximal convoluted tube helps the bloodstream reabsorb the largest proportion of filtrate constituents including water, glucose, amino acids vitamins and several ions
Proximal convoluted tube helps the bloodstream reabsorb water and sodium only
The proximal tube is a site for tubular secretion, depositing substances from blood to kidney tubule
The distal convoluted tube helps the bloodstream reabsorb, sodium and bicarbonate
16. The renal pelvis becomes narrower at its distal aspect to form
The ureter
The urethra
The bladder
The collecting duct
17. Which of the following are responsible for the voluntary voiding of urine that develops during potty training in an infant
The internal urethral sphincter
The detrusor
The external urethral sphincter
The trigone
18. The minor calyces are the visible continuum of which microscopic structures
The collecting ducts
The pyramids
The ureters
The renal corpuscles
19. Name the structure labelled with an arrow
Renal pyramid
Minor calyx
Renal pelvis
Renal major calyx
20. Which of the following hormones are responsible for increasing GFR (glomerular filtration rate)
