Biology topic 1

What is weight gain?

Energy intake is higher than energy output-excess energy is stored as fat reserves in the body.

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What is weight loss?

Energy intake is lower than energy output-energy taken from fat reserves in body.

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What is energy budget?What is the equation?

The amount of energy taken in and used up by an organism-Energy input-Energy output.

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What are the monosaccharides? Name all 3.

Simple-glucose,galactose,fructose.

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What are the disaccharides? Name all 3.

Simple-lactose,maltose,sucrose.

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What are polysaccharides? Name all 3.

Complex-starch,cellulose,glycogen.

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What is a property of polysaccharides?

Insoluble, therefore no osmotic effect.

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What are the 2 components of starch?

Amylose-unbranched, a-glucose,1-4 glycosidic bonds,very compact,good for storage,tight spirals. Amylopectin-branched,a-glucose,1-4+1-6 glycosidic bonds, many terminal ends from branches to be hydrolysed,broken down fast by enzymes.

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What does starch do?

It stored energy in plants, compact, insoluble therefore no osmotic effect.

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What is glycogen,what does it do?

It stores energy in animals,similar to amylopectin,compact,insoluble therefore no osmotic effect.

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What are the properties of triglycerides?

Insoluble therefore no osmotic effect,energy store in plants and animals,protects organs, buoyancy,insulation.

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Saturated?

Solid, LDL,tesselated, single covalent bonds, animals and fish.

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Unsaturated?

Liquid, LDL,double covalent bonds, kinks chain preventing tesselation,weak intermolecular forces, plants and fish.

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What is esterfication?

The joining of a COOH of the fatty acids and OH of each branch of glycerol forming an ester bond and one molecule of water.

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What type of reaction brings fatty acids and glycerol together?

Condensation.

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What is a lipoprotein?

A lipid and protein join so that cholesterol can move around the body.

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What is LDL?

Mainly lipid,transports cholesterol from liver to blood,increases blood cholesterol when too low.

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What is HDL?

Mainly protein,transports cholesterol from tissues to liver to be recycled,lowers blood cholesterol when too high.

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What are the two health indicators?

Waist/hip, BMI=mass(kg)/height^2(m).

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What is apple shaped?

More visceral fat, higher risk of health related problems.

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What is pear shaped?

Less visceral fat, lower risk of health related problems.

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what is the formula to make sucrose?

Glucose + fructose.

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what is the formula to make lactose?

Glucose + galactose.

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what is the formula to make maltose?

Glucose + glucose.

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Biology topic 1

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