Biology - Proteins

?
Identify which part of the amino acid is variable
The R group
1 of 20
State how many amono acids occur in life
20 different amino acids
2 of 20
Describe the different types of amino acids in life
Amino acids could be hydrophobic, hydriphilic, acidic, basic, charged or uncharged
3 of 20
Explain how the variety of amino acids leads to a wide range of dipeptides and very quickly to an incredible variety of polypeptide chains
There are 30 different R groups, and these can interact with ecah other, forming different types of bonds - the R group on each peptide could be one of 20 R groups, so there are many combinations
4 of 20
Define the term 'polypeptide chain'
Lots of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds
5 of 20
Define the term 'protein'
When polypeptides fold into complex structures
6 of 20
Describe how one end of a polypeptide chain differs from the other end
One end will have an amino group, and the other will have a carboxyl group
7 of 20
Define the term 'primary structure' of a protein and describe how it is held together
The sequence in which the amino acids are joined, directed by information carried in DNA - the particular amino acids will influence how the polypeptide folds to give the final shape, determining its function too (only peptide bonds involved)
8 of 20
Define the term 'secondary protein' of a protein
The interaction of the O, H and N atoms in the amino acids, where hydrogen bonds formand
9 of 20
Describe the two different types of secondary structure
Hydrogen bonds can form within the amino acid chain, pulling it into a coil shape called an alpha helix, or polypeptide chains can lie parallel to one another joined by hydrogen bonds, forming sheet-like structures called beta-pleated sheets
10 of 20
Describe how the secondary structure is held in place
It is the result of hydrogen bonds, and it forms at regions along long protein molecules, depending on the amino sequence
11 of 20
Define the term 'tertiary structure'
The folding of a protein into its final shape, often including sections of secondary structure
12 of 20
Describe how the tertiary structure of a protein is held in place, including all different possible bonds
It is held in place by the coiling/folding of sections of proteins into their secondary structures close enough to interact, causing hydrophobic + hydrophilic interactions, hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds and disulfide bridges
13 of 20
Explain how the primary structure of a protein determines its tertiary structure
The primary structure is the sequence of amino acids, which determines how polypeptides will fold, therefore determines the tertiary structure
14 of 20
Define the term 'quaternary structure' and describe how it is held together
This results from the association of two or more indiviual subunits, which can be identical or different - the interactions between these are the same as in tertiary, but are between different protein molecules rather than within one moecule
15 of 20
Define the term 'globular protein'
Protein that is compact, water soluble, usually roughlt spherical, and form when proteins fold into tertiary structures so hydrophobic R groups are kept away from the aqueous environment and hydrophilic R groups are on the outside
16 of 20
Define the term 'fibrous protein'
Protein that is formed from long, insoluble molecules due to high proprtions of amino acids with hydrophobic R groups - the amino acid sequence is usually quite repetitive, so they have very organised structures
17 of 20
Define the term 'prosthetic group'
Non-protein component of a conjugated protein
18 of 20
Define the term 'conjugated protein'
Globular proteins that contain a non-protein component, which can be a lipid, carbohydrate, metal ion, or a molecule derived from a vitamin
19 of 20
Give 3 examples of fibrous proteins
Keratin, elastin and collagen
20 of 20

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

State how many amono acids occur in life

Back

20 different amino acids

Card 3

Front

Describe the different types of amino acids in life

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Explain how the variety of amino acids leads to a wide range of dipeptides and very quickly to an incredible variety of polypeptide chains

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Define the term 'polypeptide chain'

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all Biological molecules, organic chemistry and biochemistry resources »