biology prelim

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what is the function of the cell wall and what is it composed of?
the cell wall supports the cell and keeps the structure of the cell. it is made of cellulose
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what is the function of the cell membrane and what is it composed of?
controls what enters and exits the cell. it is made of protein and phospholipids
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what is the function of the nucleus?
controls all cell activities
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what processes occur in the cytoplasm?
glycolysis (anaerobic respiration)
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what process takes place in the mitochondria?
aerobic respiration which releases chemical energy from food molecules
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what process occurs in the chloroplast?
photosynthesis
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what is the meaning of selectively permeable?
it only allows certain molecules in and out of the cell
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what is diffusion?
diffusion is a form of passive transport across the cell membrane which does not require energy. it is the movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to low concentration
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what is active transport?
movement of molecules against the concentration gradient which requires energy. the molecules move from a region of low concentration to high conecentration
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what is osmosis?
the movement of water from an area of high concentration to low concentration down a concentration gradient
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what are the effects of osmosis on plant cells?
greater water concentration than in the cell it becomes turgid a the vacuole swells. if water concentration is lower than in the cell it becomes plasmolysed.
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what is the structure and function of mRNA?
it is a molecule which carries a copy of the code from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome where protein is assembled from amino acids
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what are the base pairing rules?
AT CG
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what is the difference between DNA and proteins?
DNA is found in the nucleus but protein is made in the ribosome
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what is the function of enzymes?
emzymes are biological catalysts and speed up chemical reactions. they lower th e activation energy required to start the chemical reaction, speed up the rate of thr chemical reaction and remain unchanged after the reaction.
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what is meant by enzyme specificity?
each enzyme can only act on one typre of substance due to the shape of its active site
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what is meant by the term optimum?
the ideal conditions for an enzyme to work. these include suitable temperature, appropriate pH and a plentiful supply of substrate. if any of these are inadequate the enzyme will not function at its best
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what is the function of the cell membrane and what is it composed of?

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controls what enters and exits the cell. it is made of protein and phospholipids

Card 3

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what is the function of the nucleus?

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Card 4

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what processes occur in the cytoplasm?

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Card 5

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what process takes place in the mitochondria?

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