BIOLOGY paper 1 Cells and Control
0.0 / 5
- Created by: scxrlettgrace
- Created on: 13-05-19 10:00
Why do cells divide by mitosis?
to grow and repair damaged cells
1 of 58
What happens during interphase?
increases the amount of sub-cellular structures, replicates its DNA
2 of 58
What happens during prophase?
the chromosomes condense and the membrane around the nucleus breaks down and the chromosomes lie free in the cytoplasm
3 of 58
What happens during metaphase?
the chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell
4 of 58
What happens during anaphase?
cell fibres pull the chromosomes apart, the arms of each chromosome go to opposite ends of the cell
5 of 58
What happens during telophase?
membranes form around each of the sets of chromosomes, these become the nuclei
6 of 58
What happens during cytokinesis?
the cytoplasm and the cell membrane divide to form two separate cells
7 of 58
What is cell differentiation?
the process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job
8 of 58
What is cell elongation?
This is when the plant cell expands, making the cell bigger and therefore making it grow
9 of 58
What controls the rate and which cells divide by mitosis?
the genes in the organisms DNA
10 of 58
What is a tumour?
a mass of abnormal cells
11 of 58
What is cancer?
when the tumour invades and destroys surrounding tissue
12 of 58
Why are percentile charts used?
to asses growth over time, so that an overall pattern in development can be seen and any problems can be highlighted
13 of 58
What are undifferenciated cells called?
stem cells
14 of 58
What is an advantage of embryonic stem cells?
can divide to produce any type of cell
15 of 58
Where are meristems found?
in the areas of the plant which are growing like the roots and shoots
16 of 58
What is an advantage of meristems?
they can divide to produce any type of cell wanted for as long as that plant lives
17 of 58
How can sickle cell anaemia be cured?
a bone marrow transplant
18 of 58
What are the risks of using stem cells?
tumour development as stem cells divide very quickly,disease transmission as viruses live inside living cells they can be passe don during a trasnplant,rejection as they are foreign cells it make trigger an immune response
19 of 58
What does the cerebrum control?
movement,intelligence,memory,language and vision
20 of 58
What does the cerebellum control?
muscle coordination and balance
21 of 58
What does the medulla oblongata control?
unconscious activities such as breathing and heart rate
22 of 58
What do CT scanners use?
X-rays to produce and image of the brain
23 of 58
What do CT scanners show?
they show the structure of the brain
24 of 58
What do PET scans use?
radioactive chemicals to show active parts of the brain
25 of 58
What do PET scans show?
structure and function of the parts of the brain
26 of 58
What are receptor cells?
cells that detect a change in your environment
27 of 58
Explain the nervous response to touching something
receptor cells,converted to nervous impulses and sent along ensory neurone to the CNS, CNS coordinates a response sends impulses through CNS along relay neurone, then sends impulses to effector cells along motor neurone
28 of 58
How can effector cells respond?
muscle may contract or a gland may secrete a hormone
29 of 58
What do dendrites and dendrons do?
carry impulses towards the ell body in a neurone
30 of 58
What do axons and axon terminals do?
carry impulses away from the cell body in the neurone
31 of 58
What does a myelin sheath do?
acts as an insulator to speed up the electrical impulses and separate the paths
32 of 58
What is an advantage of a long neurone?
it is quicker than connecting to another short neurone
33 of 58
Describe a sensory neurone
one long dendron carries impulses from receptor cells to the cell body,one short axon which carris impulses from the cell body to the CNS
34 of 58
Describe a motor neurone
many short dendrites cary nerve impulses from the CNS to the cell body,one long axon carries impulses from the cell body to effector cells
35 of 58
Describe a relay neurone
many short dendrites carry impulses from sensory neurone to cell body, axon carries impulses from cell body to motor neurones
36 of 58
What is a synapse?
the connection between two neurones
37 of 58
How is the nerve signal transferred across a synapse?
neurotransmitters diffuse across the gap of the synapse and set of a new impulse in the next neurone
38 of 58
What is a reflex arc?
the pathway for information to trigger a reflex
39 of 58
What happens during a reflex response?
neurones travel through the spinal chord for a faster reaction time
40 of 58
What does the iris do if the light is too bright?
the nervous impulse tells the circular muscles in the iris to contract making the pupil smaller
41 of 58
What does the cornea do?
refracts light into the eye
42 of 58
What does the irid do?
it controls how much light enters the pupil
43 of 58
What does the lens do?
refracts light to focus it onto the retina
44 of 58
What does the retina do?
rods and cones on it detect light
45 of 58
What are rods sensitive to?
sensitive in dim light but cant sense colour
46 of 58
What do cones do?
sensitive to different colours but are not good in dim light
47 of 58
What does the optic nerve do?
carries impulses from the receptor cells to the CNS
48 of 58
Why is the lens elastic?
so it can focus light onto the retina by changing shapes
49 of 58
What happens when looking at a distant object?
ciliary muscles relax,whcih allows sensory ligaments to pull tight, pulling the lens into a less rounded shape and so the light is refracted less
50 of 58
What happens when looking at close objects?
the ciliary muscles contract,whcih slackens the sensory ligaments,the lens becomes more rounded so the light is refracted more
51 of 58
What is long-sighted?
lens is the wrong shape and doesn't bend the light enough or the eyeball is too short,the light is brought into focus behind the retina
52 of 58
What lens can be used to fix long sightedness?
a convex lens
53 of 58
What is short sighted?
lens is the wrong shape and bends the light too much or the eyeball is too long,light is brought into focus infront of the retina
54 of 58
What lens can be used to fixed short sightedness?
concave lens
55 of 58
What causing red-green colour blindness?
the red or green cones in the retina are not working properly
56 of 58
What is cataract?
a cloudy patch on the lens which stops light from being able to enter the eye
57 of 58
How is cataracts treated?
by replacing the faulty lens with an artificial one
58 of 58
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What happens during interphase?
Back
increases the amount of sub-cellular structures, replicates its DNA
Card 3
Front
What happens during prophase?
Back
Card 4
Front
What happens during metaphase?
Back
Card 5
Front
What happens during anaphase?
Back
Similar Biology resources:
0.0 / 5
3.0 / 5 based on 2 ratings
5.0 / 5 based on 2 ratings
0.0 / 5
1.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
Comments
No comments have yet been made