The physical characteristics that an organism has e.g. eye colour
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3.What affects an organism's phenotype apart from its genotype?
The genotype affects its phenotype-the characteristics it displays
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4.Give one example of continuous variation.
Height
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5.Explain how a mutation leads to the formation of a genetic variant.
As the sequence of DNA bases in a gene codes for the sequence of amino acids that make up a protein, gene mutations sometimes lead to changes in the protein that it codes for
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6.How likely is it that a variant will have a really big effect on an organisms phenotype?
Very unlikely
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7.What are gametes?
In animals these are sperm and egg cells, they only contain half the number of chromosomes of normal cells
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8.What does it mean if a cell is 'haploid'?
Only contain half the number of chromosomes of normal cells
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9.What are the 23rd pair of chromosomes labelled as in a female?
**
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10.What causes female characteristics in humans?
The lack of Y chromosomes causes female characteristics
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11.Why does asexual reproduction produce offspring that are genetically identical?
An ordinary cell makes a new cell by dividing in two. The new cell has exactly the same genetic information as the parent cell
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12.In a genetic diagram is a capital letter used to represent a dominant or recessive allele?
Dominant
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13.What does it mean to be homozygous for a characteristic?
You have two alleles the same for that particular gene
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14.Two flowers with genotypes RR and rr are bred together.a)draw a punnett square to show this cross.b)What will the possible genotypes of the offspring be?
a) b)
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15.How are organisms divided into groups in a natural classification system?
They are divided into five kingdoms (e.g.plant kingdom, animal kingdom) and are then subdivided into smaller groups (e.g.phylum, class, order, family, genus, species)
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16.What is the smallest group that organisms are divided into in the natural classification hierarchy?
Species
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17.Describe how the invention of the microscope helped with the classification of organisms.
Because they could examine the structure of organisms in more detail
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18.Describe how DNA sequencing is used in classification.
It compares the sequence of DNA bases for different species.The more similar the DNA sequence between species, the more closely related they are
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19.How is evolution defined?
Evolution is the change in inherited characteristics of a population over time, through the process of natural selection
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20.Why might the speed of evolution vary from species to species?
The speed at which a species evolves depends partly on how quickly it reproduces
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21.How might evolution lead to the development of new species on Earth?
Evolution can mean that a species' phenotype changes so much that a completely new species is formed
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22.Explain how antibiotic-resistant bacteria provide evidence for evolution.
Because there is a change in the inherited characteristics of a population over time, through the process of natural selection.Also, as bacteria reproduce so quickly, scientists are able to monitor the evolution as it's occurring
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
2.Describe what is meant by the term 'phenotype'.
Back
The physical characteristics that an organism has e.g. eye colour
Card 3
Front
3.What affects an organism's phenotype apart from its genotype?
Back
Card 4
Front
4.Give one example of continuous variation.
Back
Card 5
Front
5.Explain how a mutation leads to the formation of a genetic variant.
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