Biology B2
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- Created by: Georgia Kirk
- Created on: 20-03-17 11:32
Nucleus
contains genetic material that controls activities in cell
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Cytoplasm
gel-like substance. contains enzymes. most chemical reactions happen here
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Cell membrane
holds the cell together. controls what goes in and out
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Mitochondria
where respiration reactions take place
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Ribosomes
where proteins are made in the cell
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Cell wall
made of cellulose. supports and strengthens cell
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Permanent Vacuole
contains cell sap, weak solution of sugar and salt
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chloroplasts
where photosynthesis occurs. makes food. contains chlorophyll
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chlorophyll
green. absorbs sunlight+ converts to CO2 & water into glucose
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Yeast
single celled organism
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bacterial cell
have no nucleus
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diffusion
particles spreading from high to low cocentration
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small molecules
oxygen, glucose, amino acids, water can diffuse.
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big molecules
starch, proteins can't fit through membrane for diffusion
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Palisade leaf cells
adapted for photosynthesis
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Guard leaf cells
adapted to open and close pores to help photosynthesis
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red blood cells
adapted to carry oxygen
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sperm and egg cells
specialised for reproductioo
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large multi cellular organisms
made up of organ systems
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tissue
group of similar cells work together to carry a out a function
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organ
group of tissues that work together to perform a function
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Muscular tissue
contracts to move whatever it's attached to
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Glandular tissue
secretes chemicals like enzymes and hormones
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Epithelial tissue
covers some part of the body
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organ system
group of organs working to perform particular function
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glands (e. pancreas, salivary glands)
produce digestive juices
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stomach and small inestine
digest food
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liver
produces bile
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small intestine
absorbs soluble food molecules
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large intestine
absorbs water from undigested food, leaving faeces
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digestive system
swaps materials w. environment- taking nutrient+release substances
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Photosynthesis (equation)
Carbon dioxide+water-> Glucose+ Oxygen
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Mesophyll tissue
where most photosynthesis in plant occurs
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xylem and phloem
transport water, mineral ions and sucrose around plant
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epidermal tissue
covers the whole plant
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photosynthesis
process that produces food in plans and algae
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Canadian pondweed
easily measure oxygen produced. shows rate of photosynthesis
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Light (photosynthesis)
not enough slows down process
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Carbon dioxide (photosynthesis)
too little slows down process
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Temperature (photosynthesis)
Has to be right temperature, otherwise enzymes denature
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Greenhouses
traps the sun's heat and makes sure temperature isn't limiting
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How plants use Glucose
respiration, making cell walls+proteins, stored in seeds+starch
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where an organism is found depends on
temp, availability of water,oxygen,CO2, nutrients and light
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How to study distribution of organisms
quadrats- measure two sample areas+see changes across area
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Quadrat
square frame enclosing an area
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work out population size
get mean number or organisms per m^2. multiply by total area
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enzymes
catalysts produced by living things
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catalyst
substance increases speed of reaction. doesn't change
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proteins
made up of chains of amino acids
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amylase
converts starch into sugars
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protease
converts proteins into amino acids
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lipase
converts lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
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bile
neutralises the stomach acid and emulsifies fats
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hydrochloric acid (in stomach)
makes PH too acidic
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salivary glands
produce amylase enzyme in saliva
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stomach
pummels food with muscular walls
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pancreas
produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes
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gall bladder
where bile is stored
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rectum
where faeces is stored
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Respiration
process of releasing energy from glucose. happens in every cell
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aerobic respiration
using oxygen
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glycogen
used during exercise.glucose from food stored at this.
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anaerobic respiration
without oxygen.glucose->energy+lactic acid
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oxygen debt
repay oxygen you didn't get to your muscles at the time
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biological detergents (enzymes)
protein-digesting (proteases) and fat-digesting (lipase)
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baby food (enzymes)
easy to digest because of protease
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Industry (enzymes)
speed up reactions without need for high temperatures
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chromosomes
long molecules of DNA
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DNA
contains all instructions to put organism together
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Gene
section of DNA. contains code to make particular protein
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DNA fingerprinting
cutting person's DNA and separating them. everyone's unique
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Mitosis
makes new cell for growth and repair. asexual reproduction
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Meiosis
2 divisions. Gametes have half usual number of chromosomes
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Stem cells
may be able to cure many diseases
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Embryonic stem cells
turn into any type of cell
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Genetic diagrams
show possible combinations of gametes
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**
female chromosomes
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XY
Male chromosome
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Mendel
pea plants.height determind by hereditary units
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allelles
different versions of the same gene
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homozygous
two alleles that are the same
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heterozygous
two alleles that are different
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genotype
what alleles you have
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phenotype
the actual characteristic
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cystic fibrosis
caused by recessive gene. mucus in pancreas and air passages
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polydactyly
born with extra fingers or toes. dominant allele
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embryo screening
to test for genetic disorders
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fossils
remains or organisms found in rocks
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extinction
non of the species left
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speciation
development of new species
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isolation
where populations of species are separated. e.g floods/earthq
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
gel-like substance. contains enzymes. most chemical reactions happen here
Back
Cytoplasm
Card 3
Front
holds the cell together. controls what goes in and out
Back
Card 4
Front
where respiration reactions take place
Back
Card 5
Front
where proteins are made in the cell
Back
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