Biology B1

?
  • Created by: AmritaJ18
  • Created on: 29-03-17 21:14
What measurements make up blood pressure?
Systolic Pressure = when the heart contracts and the blood pressure is at its highest. Diastolic pressure = when the heart relaxes and the blood pressure is at its lowest
1 of 36
Give 4 factors that increase blood pressure
Smoking, being overweight, drinking too much alcohol, stress
2 of 36
Give 2 factors that decrease blood pressure
Regular exercise and eating a balanced diet
3 of 36
What can high blood pressure cause?
Blood vessels to burst leading to strokes, brain damage and kidney damage
4 of 36
What can low blood pressure cause?
Poor circulation and tissues don't receive all the food and oxygen they need causing dizziness and fainting
5 of 36
Explain how smoking increases blood pressure
Carbon monoxide in cigarettes combines with haemoglobin in red blood cells which reduces their oxygen carrying capacity. To make up for this, heart rate has to increase: the heart contracts more, increasing blood pressure
6 of 36
Explain the difference between fitness and health
Fitness = a measure of how well you can perform physical tasks. Health = being free of any infections or diseases
7 of 36
Explain how a poor diet can increase the risk of heart disease
Foods high in saturated fats can cause a build up of cholesterol which builds up in the arteries.This forms plaques in the artery walls which narrow the arteries. This restricts the flow of blood, which can lead to a heart attack
8 of 36
What can increase the risk of heart disease?
Saturated fats, poor diet, smoking, high salt levels
9 of 36
What causes infectious diseases and give an example of each
Pathogens and Microorganisms. Fungi: Athlete's foot, Bacteria: Cholera, Virus: Influenza, Protozoa: Malaria
10 of 36
What is the difference between antibiotics and antiviral drugs?
Antibiotics kill bacteria without killing your own body cells. Antiviral drugs can be used to treat viral infections, they stop viruses from reproducing
11 of 36
What is a parasite?
An organism that lives off another organism (the host) and often causes it harm
12 of 36
What is a vector?
An organism that can carry a disease without getting it themselves, e.g. mosquitoes for malaria
13 of 36
Explain how vectors spread disease
Vectors pick up the parasite when they feed on an infected animal. When the vector feeds on another animal it inserts the parasite into the animal's blood vessels
14 of 36
How do antibodies cause the death of pathogens?
White blood cells produce proteins called antibodies when they detect foreign antigens on the surface of the pathogen, which lock onto and kill the new invading cells. Antibodies are then rapidly produced to kill all similar bacteria/viruses
15 of 36
Explain the difference between active and passive immunity
Active immunity = the immune system makes its own antibodies after being stimulated by a pathogen, this is usually permanent. Passive immunity = antibodies from another organism are used (eg. passed on from mother to baby), usually temporary
16 of 36
What is the function of the cornea?
The cornea refracts light into the eye
17 of 36
What is the function of the iris and the lens?
The iris controls the amount of light that enters the pupil. The lens refracts light focusing it on the retina
18 of 36
What is the function of the retina?
The retina is the light sensitive part which is covered by receptors that detect light
19 of 36
What are rods and cones?
Rods are more sensitive in dim light but can't sense colour. Cones are sensitive to different colours but aren't good in dim light. (Red-green colour blindness is caused by a lack of cone cells)
20 of 36
What is the function of the optic nerve?
The optic nerve carries impulses from the receptors to the brain
21 of 36
Explain how short sight is caused
Short sight is caused by the lens being the wrong shape, the light is bent too much because the eyeball is too long so the light is brought into focus in front of the retina. This makes it difficult to focus on distant objects
22 of 36
Explain how long sight is caused
Long sight is caused by the lens being the wrong shape, the light is not bent enough and is brought into focus behind the retina because the eyeball is too short. This makes it difficult to focus on close objects
23 of 36
What type of contact lenses can be used to correct long sight?
Convex lenses
24 of 36
What type of contact lenses can be used to correct short sight?
Concave lenses
25 of 36
Describe the effects of tar in cigarettes on the body
Carcinogens in tar cause mutations in DNA, causing uncontrollable cell division (cancer) and malignant tumours can form
26 of 36
Explain how a 'smokers cough' is caused
Smoking damages the ciliated epithelial cells that line the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles. This encourages the production of mucus, excess mucus can't be cleared as the cilia are damaged, so it sticks to the air passages causing smokers cough
27 of 36
What causes emphysema?
A smokers cough and lungs losing their elasticity can cause emphysema
28 of 36
What are the effects of the carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke?
Carbon monoxide reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. If the heart muscle doesn't receive enough oxygen it can lead to a heart attack
29 of 36
What is cirrhosis?
Excessive alcohol consumption can cause the toxic products to kill liver cells forming scar tissue. This stops blood reaching the liver
30 of 36
What is the difference between a malignant and a benign tumour?
Malignant tumours can grow and are cancerous whereas benign tumours do not spread and are not cancerous
31 of 36
How does excessive alcohol consumption damage the liver?
Alcohol breakdown produces toxins causing cirrhosis
32 of 36
How do mosquitoes spread malaria?
Mosquitoes **** infected blood from someone with malaria and pass plasmodium into new individuals
33 of 36
What is type 1 diabetes?
Where the pancreas produces little or no insulin. Insulin is injected at mealtimes to stop the level of glucose getting too high
34 of 36
What is type 2 diabetes?
Person becomes resistant to insulin which can cause blood sugar level to rise to a dangerous level, controlled by avoiding foods rich in carbohydrates
35 of 36
What is vasodilation?
The widening of blood vessels
36 of 36

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Give 4 factors that increase blood pressure

Back

Smoking, being overweight, drinking too much alcohol, stress

Card 3

Front

Give 2 factors that decrease blood pressure

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What can high blood pressure cause?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What can low blood pressure cause?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

Biology
Biology
Biology
See all Biology resources »See all Healthy living resources »