Biology
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- Created by: Sarah Hurrell
- Created on: 03-07-18 12:24
How many micrometres are there in 1 metre?
1,000,000
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What kind of microscope do we use at school?
Light
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What kind of microscope allowed biologists to see and understand more about subcellular structures inside cells?
Electron microscopes
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How can you calculate real size of a microscope image?
Image size/magnification
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What is 3.45x10-4?
0.000345
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What determines how much detail a microscope can show?
Resolving power
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What kind of cell contains genetic material enclosed in a nucleus?
Eukaryotic
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What kind of cell does not have a nucleus?
Prokaryotic/bacterial
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Are eukaryotic cells smaller or prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells
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What is the function of the nucleus?
Holds DNA
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What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Chemical reactions
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What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls what goes in and out of the cell
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What is the function of mitochondria?
Site of aerobic respiration
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What is the function of ribosomes?
Site of protein synthesis
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What is the function of chloroplasts?
Site of photosynthesis
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What is the function of chlorophyll?
Absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis
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What is the vacuole filled with?
Cell sap
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What are plant and algal cells walls made of?
Cellulose
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Which specialised cell contains lots of mitochondria?
Sperm cell
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Which specialised cell has a long axon?
Nerve cell/neurone
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Which specialised cells contain protein that slide over each other and store glycogen?
Muscle cells
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Which specialised cells have a large surface area, permanent vacuole and lots of mitochondria for active
Root hair cell
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Which specialised cells have broken down cell walls that form sieve plants and are supported by
Phloem cells
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Which specialised cells become lignified and die?
Xylem cells
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With a suitable temperature and nutrients, how often can some bacteria divide?
Every 20 mins
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What 2 things can you grown bacteria on?
Nutrient broth solution or agar gel
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What is used to transfer microorganisms onto the media?
Inoculating loop
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How should you store a petri dish?
Upside down
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At what temperature should you incubate cultures?
25
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How do you calculate the zone of inhibition?
πr^2
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Where are the chromosomes found?
Nucleus
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What are the 3 stages of the cell cycle?
Genetic material is doubled then divided into 2 identical cells,
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What is an undifferentiated cell of an organism that can give rise to many more cells of the same type and
Stem cell
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Which tissue can develop into any type of plant cell throughout its life?
Meristem
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What may stem cells be used to help treat?
Diabetes, paralysis
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Give a disadvantage of using stem cells.
Potential risks such as viral transfer, ethical or religious objections
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What is diffusion?
The spreading out of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration
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Which 3 factors affect the rate of diffusion?
Concentration gradient, temperature, surface area
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What is the effectiveness of an exchange surface increased by?
Large SA, thin, efficient blood supply &
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What is osmosis?
Diffusion of water from a dilute to a more concentrated solution through a partially
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What does active transport require?
Energy
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What is a group of cells with a similar structure and function?
Tissue
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What are aggregations of tissues performing specific functions called?
Organs
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Which model is used to explain enzyme activity?
Lock & key
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Where is amylase produced?
Salivary glands & pancreas
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Where is lipase produced?
Pancreas & small intestine
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Where is protease produced?
Stomach, Pancreas & small intestine
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What does amylase do?
Break down starch into sugars
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What does protease do?
Break down proteins into amino acids
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What does lipids do?
Break down lipids into fatty acids & glycerol
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Where is bile produced and stored?
Produced in liver, stored in gall bladder
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What are the 2 functions of bile?
Neutralise stomach acid and emulsifies fats so lipase can work efficiently
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What is used to test for sugars?
Benedict’s test
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What is used to test for starch?
Iodine
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What is used to test for protein?
Biuret reagent
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Why is the heart described as a double pump?
Right side pumps to the lungs for oxygen, left side pumps
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Which blood vessel brings deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart?
Vena cava
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Which blood vessel transports blood from the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen?
Pulmonary artery
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Which blood vessel transports blood from the lungs to the heart?
Pulmonary vein
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Which blood vessel transports oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body?
Aorta
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Where does gas exchange take place in animals?
Alveoli
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What is the natural resting heart rate controlled by?
Pacemaker cells in right atrium
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Which device can correct irregularities in the heart rate?
Artificial pacemaker
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What are the 3 types of blood vessels?
Capillaries, veins, arteries
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Which blood vessels have the thinnest walls?
Capillaries
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Which blood vessels contain valves?
Veins
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Which blood vessels have the narrowest lumen?
Arteries
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Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood?
Arteries
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Which blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood?
Veins
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What 4 main substances does blood consist of?
Plasma, platelets, WBC, RBC
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Which 3 main ways can cardiovascular disease be treated?
Drugs, mechanical devices or transplant
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What are stents used for?
Keep coronary arteries open
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What do statins do?
Reduce blood cholesterol
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What can faulty heart valves be replaced with?
Biological or mechanical valves
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What may happen to heart valves if they become faulty?
Not open properly, or develop a leak
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What can be used whilst waiting for a heart transplant or to allow the heart to rest as an aid to recovery?
Artificial heart
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What is health?
The state of physical and mental well-being
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What are risk factors?
Factors that lead to an increased rate of disease
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What can a poor diet, lack of exercise and smoking lead to?
Cardiovascular disease
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What can obesity lead to?
Type 2 diabetes
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What kind of microscope do we use at school?
Back
Light
Card 3
Front
What kind of microscope allowed biologists to see and understand more about subcellular structures inside cells?
Back
Card 4
Front
How can you calculate real size of a microscope image?
Back
Card 5
Front
What is 3.45x10-4?
Back
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