Biological Molecules Definitions 3.0 / 5 based on 1 rating ? BiologyBiological molecules, organic chemistry and biochemistryASEdexcel Created by: Corrine SCreated on: 11-05-13 14:44 Macromolecules Large complex molcule such as proteins, carbohydrates and lipids 1 of 24 Polymers A compound made up of several repeating units (monomers) 2 of 24 Polymerisation A chemical process that combines several monomers to form a polymer or polymeric compound 3 of 24 Monosaccharide Simplest form of carbohydrate. E.g. fructose, glucose, ribose, galactose 4 of 24 Disaccharide A carbohydrate composed of two monosaccharides. E.g. sucrose, lactose, maltose 5 of 24 Polysaccharide Complex carbohydrate composed of a chain of monosaccharides joined by glycosidic bonds 6 of 24 Glycosidic Bond A covalent bond that holds carbohydrates together to a group that can or cannot be another sugar 7 of 24 Condensation Reaction Joins two molecules together while releasing a molecule of water 8 of 24 Hydrolysis Decomposition of a chemical compound by reacton with water 9 of 24 Hydrogen Bonds A weak bond between two molecules. Hydrogen and another element 10 of 24 Triglyceride An energy rich compound made up of a 1 glycerol molecule + 3 fatty acids 11 of 24 Saturated Fatty Acid Form of fatty acid that lacks unsaturated linkages between carbon atoms 12 of 24 Unsaturate Fatty Acid Form of fatty acid containing one or more double bonds and therefore can absorb hydrogen atoms 13 of 24 Ester Link Formed between alcohols and organic acids 14 of 24 Amino Acid Monomers from which proteins are formed. 15 of 24 Dipeptide Two amino acids are joined together 16 of 24 Polypeptide Many amino acids are joined together 17 of 24 Peptide Link / Bond A covalent chemical bond formed between the carboxyl groups and amino group 18 of 24 Amine Group -NH2 19 of 24 Carboxyl Group -COOH: an organic functional group consisting of a carbon atom 20 of 24 Primary Structure Sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain of a particular protein 21 of 24 Secondary Structure The folding / coiling of polypeptide due to hydrogen bonding between amino acids in chain 22 of 24 Tertiary Stucture Thrid type of structure found in proteins 23 of 24 Quaternary Structure Large proteins often form complex molcules containing number of individual polypeptide chains 24 of 24
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