an activated nucleotide found in all living cells that acts as an energy carrier. The hydrolysis of this molecule leads to the formation of adenosine diphosphate and inorganic phosphate, with the release of energy
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one of the two strands of a chromosome that are joined by a single centromere prior to cell divison
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the material that makes up chromosomes. It consists of DNA and the protein histone
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a thread-like structure made of protein and DNA by which hereditary information is physically passed from one generation to the next
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attraction between molecules of the same type. It is important in the movement of water up a plant
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fibrous protein that is the main constituent of connective tissues such as tendons, cartilage and bone
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type of chemical bond in which two atoms share a pair of electrons, one from each atom
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permanent changes due to the unravelling of the three-dimensional structure of a protein as a result of factors such as changes in temperature of pH
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having a pair of equal and opposite electrical charges
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enzyme that acts on a specific region of the DNA molecule to break the hydrogen bonds between the bases causing the two strands to separate and expose the nucleotide bases in that region
