Biological Molecules

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What are polymers?
A long chain of many joint monomers.
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What is the smallest unit found in polymer?
Monomer
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What are carbohydrates made of?
Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H) and Oxygen (O).
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Carbohydrates are used for what?
Storage and release of energy.
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The monomers in carbohydrates are called?
Monosaccharides.
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Give the properties of monosaccharides.
Sweet, soluble and have a general formula of (CH2O)n.
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Name 3 main monosaccharides.
Glucose, fructose and galactose.
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Glucose is an example of what type of sugar?
Hexose Sugar
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How many carbons does a hexose sugar have?
6
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C6H12O6 is the general formula of what type of sugar?
Hexose Sugar
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What are disaccharides? Give 2 examples of their properties.
2 sugars joined together. They are sweet and soluble.
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What reaction joins 2 molecules together?
Condensation Reaction
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What is produced in a condensation reaction?
Glycosidic Bonds
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Name 3 disaccharides and state how they are formed.
Glucose + Glucose ---> Maltose, Glucose + Fructose ---> Sucrose, Glucose + Galactose ---> Lactose
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Where are Maltose, Sucrose and Lactose found?
Maltose - Germinating seeds when starch is broken down, Sucrose - Phloem tubes in plants, Lactose - Milk
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Hydrolysis is a reaction that does what?
Breaks down bonds by adding water to it.
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Complete the sentence: A reducing sugar is a sugar that can ____ ____ to the ____ solution. This forms ____ I ____, which is an ____ precipitate.
1)Donate 2)Electrons 3)Benedict's 4)Copper 5)Oxide 6)Insoluble
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How are polysaccharides formed?
When more than 2 monosaccharides are joined together by the condensation reaction.
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What are the properties of polysaccharides?
They are insoluble and sweet.
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Give 3 examples of polysaccharides.
Starch, Glycogen and Cellulose.
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Describe the structure of starch.
Made of 2 compounds: Amylose and Amylopectin. Amylose - Long, unbranched chain of α glucose that is coiled. Amylopectin - Long branched chain of α glucose.
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How does the structure of starch relate to its functions?
Amylose is compact and a good storage material, also, it can't diffuse out of the cell (insoluble) so it doesn't water potential. Amylopectin has side branches that can be easily broken down by enzymes to quickly obtain glucose for respiration etc.
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Describe the structure of glycogen.
Similar structure as amylopectin but with more branches and is coiled.
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How does the structure of glycogen relate to its functions?
Many branches to quickly obtain glucose for respiration, as animals are more active so they have higher metabolic rate, which means that they would also have a higher respiratory rate. Insoluble so that water levels stay isotonic and is compact.
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Describe the structure of cellulose.
Made of β glucose and the chains are long and unbranched.
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How does the structure of cellulose relate to its functions?
β glucose allows it to form straight cellulose chains that can line up parallel to each other forming cross-links of hydrogen bonds, which form microfibrils. This makes cell walls rigid and prevents it from bursting during osmosis.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the smallest unit found in polymer?

Back

Monomer

Card 3

Front

What are carbohydrates made of?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Carbohydrates are used for what?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

The monomers in carbohydrates are called?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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