Biological molecules

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polymers
long molecule made up from many smaller molecules
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monomers
small molecules that are the building blocks of polymers
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condensation reaction
when two molecules join together to form one larger molecule and one molecule of water
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hydrolysis reaction
when molecules are split apart using a molecule of water
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gylcosidic bond
every bond between molecules in carbohydrates
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polysaccharide
many monosaccharides joined together via a condensation reaction.
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protein
a polymer built up of one or more amino acids
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amino acids
the monomers that make up proteins
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peptide bonds
the bond between amino acids in ALL proteins
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primary structure
the sequence of amino acids. It had peptide bonds in between
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secondary structure
the long chain of amino acids fold into regions with repeating pattern. Contains peptide and hydrogen bonds
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tertiary structure
the trial 3D resting shape of the protein. Contains peptide, hydrogen, ionic bonds and disulphide bridges
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quarternary structure
proteins made from more than one polypeptide chain. It contains, peptide, hydrogen, ionic bonds and disulphide bridges
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enzymes
biological catalysts that speed up the rate of reaction by the activation energy
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activation energy
the amount of energy needed for a reaction to happen
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active site
the part of the enzyme that binds to the substrate to form an enzyme-substrate complex.
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denatured
a permanent change to the active site which means no more enzyme-substrate complexes are formed
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nucleotides
the monomers that make up polynucleotides (DNA + RNA)
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DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
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RNA
Ribonucleic acid
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polynucleotides
DNA and RNA
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Phosphodiesters
when two nucleotides join by condensation reaction
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DNA helicase
unwinds the DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases, A+T or G+C
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DNA polyermase
joins nucleotides together in a condensation reaction
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Resynthesised
remade
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Phosphoylate
add phosphate
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Dipolar
two positives and two negatives
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Delta
a little bit
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High latent heat of vaporisation
it takes a lot of energy to break the hydrogen bonds between the molecules
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high specific heat capitalist
it takes a lot of energy to heat up or to cool down water because of the hydrogen bonds between its molecules
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Solvent
a liquid that others substances can dissolve in
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Cohesion
water molecules stick to each other because of their hydrogen bonds
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ion
an atom that has lost or gained electrons
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inorganic
a compound that doesn't contain carbon
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

small molecules that are the building blocks of polymers

Back

monomers

Card 3

Front

when two molecules join together to form one larger molecule and one molecule of water

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

when molecules are split apart using a molecule of water

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

every bond between molecules in carbohydrates

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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