Biological Molecules

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What are the 3 types of bonds for biological molecules?
Ionic, Covalent and Hydrogen.
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What type of reaction joins together monomers?
Condensation
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What type of reaction breaks down polymers?
Hydrolysis
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What is metabolism?
All the chemical processes that take place in living organisms
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What are monosaccharides?
A carbohydrate which is ,like glucose, very soluble in water with the formulae C6H12O6.
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What is the test for reducing sugars?
Add equal amount of benedict's and heat the mixture in a water bath for 5 minutes. If the solution turns orange-brown then reducing sugars are present.
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What monosaccharides pair to make the disaccharide maltose?
2 Glucose molecules
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What monosaccharides pair to make the disaccharide Sucrose?
Glucose and Fructose
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What monosaccharides pair to make the disaccharide Lactose?
Glucose and galactose
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What are enzymes?
Globular proteins that act as catalysts.
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What do catalysts do?
Alter the rate of a reaction without undergoing permanent changes themselves.
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What are catalysts effective in small amounts?
They can reused due to not undergoing any permanent changes in the reaction.
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What is meant by activation energy?
The minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to take place.
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What is the active site made up of?
Amino acids
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What is the molecule of which the enzyme acts on called?
The substrate
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What is it called when the enzyme acts on the substrate?
Enzyme substrate complex
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How is the substrate held in the active site?
There are temporary bonds between the amino acids in the active site and the amino acids of the substrate
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What is meant by the induced fit model?
What is meant by the 'induced fit model'? It proposes that the active site forms as the enzyme and substrate interact. The enzyme is flexible and can changes itself to fit the substrate.
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What are enzyme inhibitors?
Substances that directly or indirectly interfere with the functioning of the active site of an enzyme and so reduces its activity.
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What are the two types of enzyme inhibitors?
Competitive and non-competitive
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What are competitive inhibitors?
They bind to the active site and have a similar structure to the substrate. It slows the rate of reaction, but still reaches max, as the substrate can no longer bind to the active site as it is occupied. It is not permanently bound.
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What are non-competitive inhibitors?
They have a different structure to the substrate but binds to the enzyme in another position other than the active site causing the active site to change shape so the substrate can no longer bind to it. The rate of reaction slows & does not reach max
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What is a metabolic pathway?
A series of reactions in which each step is catalysed by an enzyme
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What type of reaction joins together monomers?

Back

Condensation

Card 3

Front

What type of reaction breaks down polymers?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is metabolism?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are monosaccharides?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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