6. Why would you look at a specific site for palaeoenvironment reconstruction
you get a snapshot of a particular time and place directly experienced by those occupying the site
You can analyse long term sequences of change
7. average d13C of a 100% terrestrial food consumer (C3)
-16 ±1%o
-12 ±1%o
-20 ±1%o
- 25 ±1%o
8. Oxygen isotopes directly reflect local temperature and continental environments. why?
due to the mechanisms involved in evaporation and condensation
Due to sea water temperature
9. if it is hotter there is...
Higher d18O values
Lower d18O values
10. Different bones will have a different rate of remodelling. They will therefore give you a different snapshot of time. How long does a femur take to remodel?
+7 years
+10 years
+5 years
+15 years
11. Where does the Carbon come from in marine plants
the water and DIC (dissolved organic catapillars)
the water and DIC (dissolved organic carbon)
the water and DIC (dissolved orgasmic carbon)
the water and DIC (disintegrated organic carbon)
12. Why can Oxygen isotopes give you an indication about continentality?
the closer to the sea the lower the temperature
the further from the sea the lower the d18O values
the closer to the sea the lower the d18O values
13. What is the primary source for understanding Oxygen Isotopes
Pederzani and Britton 2020
Pederzani and Britton 2019
Pederzani and Britton 2018
14. As you travel up the trophic levels carbon will also be enriched by around...
5%o
1%o
3%o
15. why should we not look at children who have died to assess average weaning times
infants are hard to identify
The osteological Paradox
their bones are too small
16. what does CSIA-AA stand for
Compound Specific Isotope assessment - Anafalactic Acids
Compound Specific Isotope Analysis - Ancient Aliens
Compound Specific Isotope Analysis - Amino Acids
Collagen Specific Isotope Analysis - Amino Acids
17. What Isotopes can you analyse from Collagen
(Collagen) Carbon and Oxygen
(Collagen) Carbon and Nitrogen
(Bioapatite) Carbon and Nitrogen
(Bioapatite) carbon and Oxygen
18. Precipitation will preferentially select the
Heavier Isotope (18O)
Lighter Isotope (16O)
19. Different bones will have a different rate of remodelling. They will therefore give you a different snapshot of time. How long do ribs take to remodel?
+5 years
2-5 years
3-6 years
20. There is a method for assessing the proportion of animal protein in an individual's diet through Nitrogen isotopes. Using the standard model, what is the d15N difference between a 100% herbivore diet and a 100% carnivore diet?
