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6. Which of these questionable research methods is not related to sampling?

  • Stopping collecting data earlier than planned because one found the result that one had been looking for
  • HARKing
  • Selectively reporting studies that “worked”
  • Deciding whether to collect more data after looking to see whether the results were significant

7. Which of these is NOT an example of a logical fallacy?

  • Post hoc ergo propter hoc
  • Confirmation bias
  • Familywise error
  • Non-sequiturs
  • Sharpshooter fallacy

8. Which of these doesn't affect the result of a sample study?

  • What is the bias of the researcher?
  • What is the purpose of the paper?
  • How was the sample recruited?
  • Who is the sample?

9. What is the cut-off p-value used in psychology to support a hypothesis?

  • 0.5
  • 10
  • 1
  • 0.05

10. What is the risk of running too many tests?

  • The p-value stacks on
  • You are less likely to find a significant result
  • Too many variables
  • Cannot be performed the same too many times

11. What is one of the main reasons for questionable research practices?

  • they offer considerable latitude for rationalization and self-deception
  • fraud
  • publish-or-perish culture
  • unconscious mistakes made by “helpful” brains trying to fill in gaps

12. What are logical fallacies?

  • Misunderstanding of research results
  • Bad research practices
  • Errors in our thinking
  • Conscious tampering with results