what are chromosomes made of and what do they contain?
made of DNA annd contain genes
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What does genetic code control ?
cell activity and production of different proteins
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Why do liver and muscle cells have large numbers of mitochondria?
need large amounts of energy to carry out their functions
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What is the structure of DNA and how many bases does it have ?
double helix structure and 4 different bases
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Name all the scientists involved in the discovery of DNA structure
Watson, Crick, Rosalind Franklin, Maurice Wilkins, Erwin Chargaff
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What is the copied code by transcription called ?
messenger RNA (mRNA)
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Explain the journey of mRNA
mRNA leaves the nucleus and travles to the ribosomes
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What is translation ? (ribosomes)
At the ribosomes the mRNA code is used to put the amino acids together in the right order and form the protein
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Give 3 examples of proteins
Collagen, Insulin and Haemoglobin
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What is an enzyme ?
biological catayst- each enzyme is specific to each substrate
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What is the structure of an enzyme called ?
active site
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How do mutations occur and what causes them ?
spontaneously or by radiation and chemicals such as tar
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What represents the lock and what represents the key in the lock and key mechanism ?
lock = enzyme, key = substrate
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What is the job of the haemoglobin protein ?
carrier molecule- carries oxygen around the body
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Explain how PH levels affects enzymes.
if not at the optimum PH the active site will not fit with the substrate, as the enzyme molecule distorts (denatures) eventually meaning the substrate can longer fit to the active site.
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Explain how temperature affects enzymes and the lock and key mechanism
As the temperature increases, the molecules gain more energy; more collisions occur and the rate of reaction increases. Above optimum temperature, the enzyme denatures and the reaction stops
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Q10 : temperature coefficient value....
rate at higher temperature / rate at lower temperature
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balanced symbol equation for aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 > 6CO2 + 6H20 + ENERGY
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Respiratory quotient (RQ):
carbon dioxide produced / oxygen used
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Where is the energy made during respiration stored?
ATP
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Definition for metabollic rate
amount of energy your body needs
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What is anaerobic respiration ?
respiration releases energy without the use of oxygen and produces lactic acid as waste
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True or False: anaerobic respiration releases much more energy per glucose molecule than aerobic respiration and give reason why
false because glucose is only partly broken down
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false because glucose is only partly broken down
Muscle cells cannot get oxygen quickly enough to release all the nergy you need.
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How do you measure metabollic rate ?
oxygen uptake
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How is lactic acid removed during recovery from exercise?
heart continues to beat faster than normal so his blood can carry lactic acid away from his muscles to be broken down in the liver. This requires oxgen. The extra oxygen required to remove the lactic acidis called the oxygen debt.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
complementary base pairing
Back
A-T G-C
Card 3
Front
What does the DNA base code determine?
Back
Card 4
Front
where does respiration occur ?
Back
Card 5
Front
what are chromosomes made of and what do they contain?
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